{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:13:17Z","timestamp":1791184397420,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]],"date-time":"2015-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicenter international cross-sectional observational study characterized vascular and valvular calcification burden and correlations with pulse pressure, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases in prevalent hemodialysis patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 275 consecutive adults with end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis for \u2a7e3 months. Coprimary endpoints were prevalences of: (1) echocardiographic calcification in mitral valve, aortic valve or mitral annulus; (2) aortoiliac tree vascular calcifications by plain lateral lumbar X-ray. Correlations among calcification sites and with demographics and comorbidities were determined. Pulse pressures were determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subjects\u2019 mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation (SD) age was 56\u2009\u00b1\u200915.9 years; mean (SD) dialysis duration was 4.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3 years. Overall, 100% of echocardiographically imaged patients ( n\u2009=\u2009243) had calcification in aortic valve, mitral valve, or mitral annulus; 77.8% of X-rayed patients ( n\u2009=\u2009248) had abdominal aortic calcification. Radiographic abdominal aortic calcification score correlated significantly with calcification of aortic valve ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and mitral annulus ( p\u2009=\u20090.0001) but not mitral valve. Aortic valve, mitral valve, and mitral annulus calcification correlated significantly among themselves ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Moderate\/severe aortic valve calcification was significantly more prevalent in patients aged \u2a7e65 years than &lt;65 years, men than women, and Whites than African Americans. Pulse pressure correlated significantly with vascular calcification score ( p\u2009=\u20090.0049) but not with valvular calcification at any site.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vascular and valvular calcification are highly prevalent in the hemodialysis population. Peripheral vascular calcification correlates significantly with elevated pulse pressure and can be assessed easily using lateral lumbar X-ray. Further studies investigating the interaction between pulse pressure and development or progression of vascular calcification are of interest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622315578654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,2]],"date-time":"2015-04-02T16:51:50Z","timestamp":1427993510000},"page":"84-96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The prevalence of vascular calcification in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis: a cross-sectional observational study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Kraus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, 627 South Wood Street, Suite 621, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip A.","family":"Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Unit, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Formerly of Biostatistics, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Menoyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Formerly of Renal Global Medical Affairs, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Stankus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 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