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In older age, ARHL is also a significant marker for frailty, another age-related multidimensional clinical condition with a nonspecific state of vulnerability, reduced multisystem physiological reserve, and decreased resistance to different stressors (i.e. sensorial impairments, psychosocial stress, diseases, injuries). The multidimensional nature of frailty required an approach based on different pathogeneses because this clinical condition may include sensorial, physical, social, nutritional, cognitive, and psychological phenotypes. In the present narrative review, the cumulative epidemiological evidence coming from several longitudinal population-based studies, suggested convincing links between peripheral ARHL and incident cognitive decline and dementia. Moreover, a few longitudinal case-control and population-based studies also suggested that age-related CAPD in ARHL, may be central in determining an increased risk of incident cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). Cumulative meta-analytic evidence confirmed cross-sectional and longitudinal association of both peripheral ARHL and age-related CAPD with different domains of cognitive functions, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia, while the association with dementia subtypes such as AD and vascular dementia remained unclear. However, ARHL may represent a modifiable condition and a possible target for secondary prevention of cognitive impairment in older age, social isolation, late-life depression, and frailty. Further research is required to determine whether broader hearing rehabilitative interventions including coordinated counseling and environmental accommodations could delay or halt cognitive and global decline in the oldest old with both ARHL and dementia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622318811000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]],"date-time":"2018-11-09T05:34:15Z","timestamp":1541741655000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Sensorial frailty: age-related hearing loss and the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in later life"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7220-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Panza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sense Organs, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, University of Bari \u2018Aldo Moro\u2019, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madia","family":"Lozupone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Sardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Gastroenterology \u2018Saverio de Bellis\u2019, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petronilla","family":"Battista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"},{"name":"Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA SB, IRCCS, Institute of Cassano Murge, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Piccininni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Dibello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Gastroenterology \u2018Saverio de Bellis\u2019, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte Bari, Italy"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM), Section of Dentistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddalena","family":"La Montagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Stallone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"},{"name":"National Institute of Gastroenterology \u2018Saverio de Bellis\u2019, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Venezia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Section of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Liguori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Giannelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Gastroenterology \u2018Saverio de Bellis\u2019, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonello","family":"Bellomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS \u2018Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza\u2019, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Daniele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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