{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T12:53:17Z","timestamp":1781355197165,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004505","name":"Universit\u00e0 di Catania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u201cPiano per la Ricerca 2016-2018 \u2013 Linea di Inter"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cPiano per la Ricerca 2016-2018 \u2013 Linea di Inter"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tobacco smoking impairs mucociliary clearance (MCC) efficiency as shown by prolonged saccharin test transit time (STTT). Avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke from combustible cigarettes may restore MCC function and former smokers have been shown to exhibit similar STTT as never smokers. The impact on STTT of switching from smoking to combustion-free tobacco products such as e-cigarettes (ECs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) is not known.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report STTT of exclusive EC and HTP users. Test results were compared with those obtained in current, former, and never smokers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>STTT were obtained from 39 current, 40 former, 40 never smokers, and from 20 EC and 20 HTP users. Comparison of STTT values showed significant difference among the five study groups ( p\u2004&lt;\u20040.00001) with current smokers having a median [interquartile range (IQR)] STTT of 13.15\u2009min, which was significantly longer compared with that of all other study groups. In particular, compared with former (7.26\u2009min) and never smokers (7.24\u2009min), exclusive EC users and exclusive HTP users had similar STTT at 7.00 and 8.00\u2009min, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Former smokers who have switched to exclusive regular use of combustion-free nicotine delivery systems (i.e., ECs and HTPs) exhibit similar saccharin transit time as never and former smokers. This suggests that combustion-free nicotine delivery technologies are unlikely to have detrimental effects on MCC function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223211035267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T06:59:46Z","timestamp":1628751586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Impact of exclusive e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products use on muco-ciliary clearance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8450-5721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Polosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital Policlinico - V. Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Italy Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Emma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital Policlinico - V. Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Cibella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital Policlinico - V. Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital Policlinico - V. Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Benfatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital Policlinico - V. Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ferlito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science, Surgical Science and advanced Technologies G.F, Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gulino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science, Surgical Science and advanced Technologies G.F, Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Malerba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Department, Eastern Piedmont University (UPO), Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Caponnetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital Policlinico - V. Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20406223211035267","volume-title":"The health consequences of smoking: 50 years of progress: a report of the surgeon general","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr2-20406223211035267","volume-title":"How tobacco smoke causes disease: the biology and behavioral basis for smoking-attributable disease: a report of the surgeon general","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr3-20406223211035267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.1.8111584"},{"key":"bibr4-20406223211035267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2010.511302"},{"key":"bibr5-20406223211035267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2009-0297OC"},{"key":"bibr6-20406223211035267","first-page":"e52325","volume":"96","author":"Kuehn D","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"bibr7-20406223211035267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.432655"},{"key":"bibr8-20406223211035267","first-page":"19","volume":"59","author":"Domagala-Kulawik J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"bibr9-20406223211035267","volume-title":"The chemical components of tobacco and tobacco smoke","author":"Rodgman A","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr10-20406223211035267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1970.10665581"},{"key":"bibr11-20406223211035267","volume":"122","author":"Cosio MG","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"bibr12-20406223211035267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.1.237"},{"key":"bibr13-20406223211035267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08081333"},{"key":"bibr14-20406223211035267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2019.08.014"},{"key":"bibr15-20406223211035267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814566598"},{"key":"bibr16-20406223211035267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.01985.x"},{"key":"bibr17-20406223211035267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2016(06)10"},{"key":"bibr18-20406223211035267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-019-02167-4"},{"key":"bibr19-20406223211035267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098614524430"},{"key":"bibr20-20406223211035267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41271-018-0132-1"},{"key":"bibr21-20406223211035267","unstructured":"McNeill A, Brose LS, Calder R, et al. Evidence review of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products, 2018. 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