{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:45:15Z","timestamp":1782488715866,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Erythermalgia, a rare painful disorder, is characterized by recurrent pain attacking, warmth, and erythema that mainly involves the distal extremities. Red ear syndrome shares similar clinical features of erythermalgia afflicting the external ear with unilateral\/bilateral distribution. The treatments of both diseases are still difficult without controlled therapeutics available up to date. A 12-year-old boy was referred because of 3\u2009years of recurrent attacking of painful erythema and warmth that involved the ears alone, the episodes occurred several times daily with duration of dozens of minutes to hours for each flare. The symptoms could be relieved by cold water and triggered by heat stimuli as well as exciting and movement, and showed mild response to gabapentin, celecoxib, and topical lidocaine compounds in combination, but moderate to blocking injection of botulinum toxin to nervus auricularis magnus. However, systemic itraconazole 200\u2009mg daily resulted in an excellent response after 5-week treatment, leading to milder erythema, warmth and burning sensation, shorter duration, and fewer relapses. The treatment continued for 6\u2009months and then itraconazole was decreased to 100\u2009mg daily for another 6\u2009months until it was stopped, with maintenance of good conditions. In 3\u2009months of follow-up after the treatment ceased, the patient had only 7 to 8 attacks over 10\u2009days presenting as tolerable erythema that lasted for less than 10\u2009min and relieved spontaneously, with absence of warmth and no need of treatment. We considered the patient to be a variant of erythermalgia rather than a red ear syndrome. The results showed that erythermalgia might involve the ears alone and itraconazole might be a potential agent for its treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223221099335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T06:33:58Z","timestamp":1652942038000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Auricular erythermalgia showing excellent response to itraconazole: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yan-Ting","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Fa","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Hui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The East Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan-Hua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The East Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Kun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The East Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 183 Huangpu Road East, Guangzhou 510700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7922-344X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di-Qing","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The East Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 183 Huangpu Road East, Guangzhou 510700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20406223221099335","first-page":"249","volume":"144","author":"Thompson GH","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat 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