{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:20:45Z","timestamp":1790731245145,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007359","name":"Fondazione Banco di Sardegna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["i-Perception"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the effect of chromatic variations on the reading process with normal and dyslexic readers. We demonstrate that color can induce wholeness, parts-whole organization and phenomenal fragmentation during reading and comprehension tasks within written texts made up of words and non-words in the following conditions: monochromatic (the whole text colored with only one color), word (each word colored in different color), half word (half word colored with a color different from the one of the second half), syllable (every syllable colored with a different color) and letter (each letter with a different color). The dependent variables considered were reading time, reading errors and incorrect answers to a comprehension test. The main results demonstrated that these parameters of reading performance are all influenced by the five aforementioned chromatic conditions. These outcomes manifest similar trends in four groups of readers: children and adults combined with normal or dyslexic readers. Possible applied research and clinical applications are discussed together with some basic questions related to color vision suggesting that the main purposes of color for living beings is to generate wholeness, parts-whole organization and perceptual segmentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2041669518779098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]],"date-time":"2018-06-09T09:06:53Z","timestamp":1528535213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["On the Role of Color in Reading and Comprehension Tasks in Dyslexic Children and Adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Baingio","family":"Pinna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Deiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2041669518779098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr2-2041669518779098","volume-title":"Art and visual perception. A psychology of the creative eye","author":"Arnheim R.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr78-2041669518779098","unstructured":"Bartlett, F. C. (1932).\n                      Remembering: An Experimental and Social Study\n                      . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"bibr3-2041669518779098","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Learning disorders","volume":"4","author":"Boder E.","year":"1971"},{"key":"bibr4-2041669518779098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.161.3839.366"},{"key":"bibr5-2041669518779098","first-page":"172","volume":"22","author":"Brainard D. H.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Display Characterization"},{"key":"bibr6-2041669518779098","volume-title":"Culture free, scale 2 \u2013 Forma A e B","author":"Cattell R. 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(2013, November).\n                      Design of word exercises for children with dyslexia\n                      . Presented at the DSAI 2013: The 5th international conference on software development for enhancing accessibility and fighting info-exclusion, Vigo, Spain."},{"key":"bibr59-2041669518779098","first-page":"1","author":"Rello L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Universal Access in the Information Society"},{"key":"bibr60-2041669518779098","volume-title":"Visuell wahrgenommene Figuren [Visually perceived figures]","author":"Rubin E.","year":"1921"},{"key":"bibr61-2041669518779098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2002.00009.x"},{"key":"bibr62-2041669518779098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.329"},{"key":"bibr63-2041669518779098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9817.2005.00275.x"},{"key":"bibr64-2041669518779098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.185"},{"key":"bibr65-2041669518779098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00833"},{"key":"bibr66-2041669518779098","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Ricerche sperimentali sulla percezione","author":"Vicario G.","year":"1968"},{"key":"bibr67-2041669518779098","volume-title":"WISC-R Scala di Intelligenza Wechsler per Bambini (Riveduta)","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr68-2041669518779098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0307-90"},{"key":"bibr69-2041669518779098","unstructured":"Wertheimer, M. (1912a). \u00dcber das Denken der Naturv\u00f6lker [On naive thinking].\n                      Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Psychologie\n                      ,\n                      60\n                      , 321\u2013378."},{"key":"bibr70-2041669518779098","first-page":"161","volume":"61","author":"Wertheimer M.","year":"1912","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fu\u00fcr Psychologie"},{"key":"bibr71-2041669518779098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00410385"},{"key":"bibr72-2041669518779098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00410640"},{"key":"bibr73-2041669518779098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1994.tb00126.x"},{"key":"bibr74-2041669518779098","volume-title":"Reading through colour","author":"Wilkins A.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr75-2041669518779098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2002.00079.x"},{"key":"bibr76-2041669518779098","volume-title":"ICD-10","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr77-2041669518779098","unstructured":"Wyman, P. (2013). 5 best reasons colored overlays help overcome dyslexia symptoms."},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr22-2041669518776986","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2041669518779098","volume":"9","author":"Pinna B.","year":"2018","journal-title":"i-Perception"}],"container-title":["i-Perception"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2041669518779098","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2041669518779098","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2041669518779098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:31:29Z","timestamp":1777462289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2041669518779098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2041669518779098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2041669518779098","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-6695","2041-6695"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-6695","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-6695","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"article-number":"2041669518779098"}}