{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T17:01:34Z","timestamp":1777741294946,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["i-Perception"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This conceptual paper examines the use of odours and scents in books to enhance storytelling and engage readers. While books often possess a distinctive smell linked to their material production, the intentional use of scents in books is rare. Our study focuses on scratch-and-sniff books, examining their narrative purposes and contributions to young children's literature. We conduct a narrative historical review, supplemented by a systematic search of databases, online catalogues and lists, to identify a collection of these scented books. Through this review, we explore the extent to which these books represent a unique category of children's picture books, investigating how their features align with theoretical understandings of quality characteristics in children's literature and the role of olfactory cues in storytelling. We address why most scented books target younger readers and discuss possible reasons for the absence of scented books for an adult readership. This intriguing asymmetry contrasts the use of scent in other media (such as film, theatre or virtual reality), often directed toward adults. In addition, this review sheds light on the innovative use of scents in books and their impact on reader immersion and narrative experience. Finally, we consider possible future uses of scent in the context of digital books (ebooks).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20416695241257566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T03:48:28Z","timestamp":1718077708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Narrative historical review of scratch-and-sniff books and their key storytelling features"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2111-072X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Spence","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2805-1745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Kucirkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stavanger"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stavanger"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9849-9147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jas","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20416695241257566","first-page":"79","volume":"23","author":"Ackerl K.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology Letters"},{"key":"bibr2-20416695241257566","unstructured":"Armistead C. (2017, April 7). Can you judge a book by its smell?\n                      The Guardian\n                      . https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2017\/apr\/07\/the-smell-of-old-books-science-libraries"},{"key":"bibr3-20416695241257566","volume-title":"American picturebooks from Noah's ark to the beast within","author":"Bader B.","year":"1976"},{"key":"bibr4-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105420401300079040"},{"key":"bibr5-20416695241257566","volume-title":"Scratch and sniff proust: Making sense of scents and sentiments","author":"Barry V.","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr6-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10583-023-09550-y"},{"key":"bibr7-20416695241257566","unstructured":"Bilton N. (2012, June 18). An e-book fan, missing the smell of paper and glue.\n                      The New York Times\n                      . https:\/\/twosidesna.org\/US\/an-e-book-fan-missing-the-smell-of-paper-and-glue\/"},{"key":"bibr8-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01630"},{"key":"bibr9-20416695241257566","volume-title":"Hardworking honey bee","author":"Briggs T.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr10-20416695241257566","unstructured":"Brooks J. (2020).\n                      Scratch & sniff book open dataset\n                      . https:\/\/jasbrooks.net\/snsdataset2020"},{"key":"bibr11-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580680"},{"key":"bibr12-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429321399-3"},{"key":"bibr13-20416695241257566","unstructured":"Cain S. (2017, March 14). Ebook sales continue to fall as younger generations drive appetite for print.\n                      The Guardian\n                      . https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2017\/mar\/14\/ebook-sales-continue-to-fall-nielsen-survey-uk-book-sales"},{"key":"bibr14-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjj046"},{"key":"bibr15-20416695241257566","volume-title":"Scent in context: Olfactory art","author":"De Cupere P.","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr16-20416695241257566","volume-title":"Roman aromas","author":"Dobson M.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr17-20416695241257566","volume-title":"Mouldy mummies","author":"Dobson M.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr18-20416695241257566","volume-title":"The truly tasteless scratch and sniff book","author":"Donkin A.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr19-20416695241257566","unstructured":"Edible Cinema (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2023, from https:\/\/www.ediblecinema.co.uk\/"},{"key":"bibr20-20416695241257566","unstructured":"Eshelby K. (2008, May 8\u201314). The sea, the sea.\n                      Time Out (London)\n                      , 69."},{"key":"bibr21-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2047480615Z.000000000329"},{"key":"bibr22-20416695241257566","unstructured":"Fork n\u2019 Film | Immersive cinematic dining experience (n.d.). Fork n\u2019 Film. Retrieved December 20, 2023, from https:\/\/www.forknfilm.com"},{"key":"bibr23-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/0041462X-2006-1001"},{"key":"bibr24-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.685082"},{"key":"bibr25-20416695241257566","volume-title":"The smell of a rainbow","author":"Goldworm D.","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr26-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.03.037"},{"key":"bibr27-20416695241257566","volume-title":"Designing with smell: Practices, techniques and challenges","author":"Henshaw V.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr28-20416695241257566","volume-title":"Fuzzy as an ewok","author":"Holt V.","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr29-20416695241257566","volume-title":"Smelly stories","author":"Igloo","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr30-20416695241257566","volume-title":"1 to 10 with Bess and friends, fruity fruits","author":"Irwin S.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr31-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.107959","volume":"2","author":"Jafarzadeh M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Advanced Biomedical Research"},{"key":"bibr32-20416695241257566","volume-title":"Scratch \u2018n sniff fart book","author":"Kavet H.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr33-20416695241257566","volume-title":"Symbolic olfactory display","author":"Kaye J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr34-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-4562(03)00046-8"},{"key":"bibr35-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-4562(03)00077-8"},{"key":"bibr36-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14639491221116915"},{"key":"bibr37-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03004430.2023.2269319"},{"key":"bibr38-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1350293X.2023.2254532"},{"key":"bibr39-20416695241257566","first-page":"1","author":"Kucirkova N. I.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Early Childhood Education Journal"},{"key":"bibr40-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2006.02.004"},{"key":"bibr41-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li J., Wang Y., Gong H., Cui Z. (2023). AwakenFlora: Exploring proactive smell experience in virtual reality through mid-air gestures.\n                      \n                        Adjunct Proceedings of the 36\n                        th\n                        Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST \u201823)\n                      \n                      , October 29-November 1, 2023, San Francisco, USA. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 3 pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10\/1145\/3586182.3616667","DOI":"10.1145\/3586182.3616667"},{"key":"bibr42-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1132362"},{"key":"bibr43-20416695241257566","volume-title":"The stinky book (A scratch and retch book)","author":"Lukes N.","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr44-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12827"},{"key":"bibr45-20416695241257566","unstructured":"MasterClass (2021, September 3). Diegetic sound and non-diegetic sound: What\u2019s the difference?\n                      MasterClass\n                      . https:\/\/www.masterclass.com\/articles\/diegetic-sound-and-non-diegetic-sound-whats-the-difference"},{"key":"bibr46-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511816819.004"},{"key":"bibr47-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326985EP3801_6"},{"key":"bibr48-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-137-52289-4"},{"key":"bibr49-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300689"},{"key":"bibr50-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/aces.2017.74032"},{"key":"bibr51-20416695241257566","volume-title":"The happy book","author":"Muldrow D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr52-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2022.102928"},{"key":"bibr53-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203960615"},{"key":"bibr54-20416695241257566","volume-title":"The pleasures of children's literature","author":"Nodelman P.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr55-20416695241257566","volume-title":"Shiny, touchy, smelly colors","author":"North D.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr56-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/sem-2016-0200"},{"key":"bibr57-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17458927.2018.1516026"},{"key":"bibr58-20416695241257566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.03915.x"},{"key":"bibr59-20416695241257566","volume-title":"Sniff poems","author":"Scholastic","year":"1975"},{"key":"bibr60-20416695241257566","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Teaching visual literacy: Using comic books, graphic novels, anime, cartoons, and more to develop comprehension and thinking skills","author":"Sipe L. 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