{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:12:39Z","timestamp":1777878759111,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Tissue Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The leading reason for implant revision surgery globally is lack of implant integration with surrounding bone. A new titanium alloy GUMMETAL\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    (Ti\n                    <jats:sub>59<\/jats:sub>\n                    Nb\n                    <jats:sub>36<\/jats:sub>\n                    Ta\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Zr\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>0.3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) is currently used in biomedical devices and has a Young\u2019s modulus that is better matched to bone. The surface was subject to NaOH, CaCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , heat and water treatment (BioGum) after which the surfaces were evaluated using atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and elemental analysis using energy dispersive X-ray. To demonstrate enhanced bone bonding ability and cytocompatibility, apatite formation in simulated body fluid and in vitro stem cell attachment, proliferation and cytoskeleton organisation were examined. The formation of a ~200\u2009nm nanoscale needle-like calcium titanate network on the surface following treatment was revealed and upon soaking in simulated body fluid, the formation of a ~5\u2009\u00b5m layer of apatite. Metabolic activity of rat bone marrow stem cells on BioGum was increased in comparison to control and the cell number appeared greater, with more elongated morphology as early as 2\u2009h post-seeding. This positions the modification as a simple and potentially universal technology for the improvement of implant integration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2041731418774178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T09:49:47Z","timestamp":1526377787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Improved bioactivity of GUMMETAL\n                    <sup>\u00ae<\/sup>\n                    , Ti\n                    <sub>59<\/sub>\n                    Nb\n                    <sub>36<\/sub>\n                    Ta\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Zr\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    O\n                    <sub>0.3<\/sub>\n                    , via formation of nanostructured surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shiva Kamini","family":"Divakarla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Kokubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8314-1981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Wook","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHA Fertility Center, Seoul Station, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pochen, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Chrzanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2041731418774178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/health_glance-2015-en"},{"key":"bibr2-2041731418774178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.01.012"},{"key":"bibr3-2041731418774178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13191-013-0252-z"},{"key":"bibr4-2041731418774178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7BM00479F"},{"key":"bibr5-2041731418774178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NH00048D."},{"key":"bibr6-2041731418774178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v3.i1.52"},{"key":"bibr7-2041731418774178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-013-5101-4"},{"key":"bibr8-2041731418774178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5801-9_16"},{"key":"bibr9-2041731418774178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbw016"},{"key":"bibr10-2041731418774178","unstructured":"Ahmed T, Rack HJ. 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