{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T12:03:44Z","timestamp":1784117024948,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRK 2157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRK 2157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Tissue Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is characterized by a large number of neutrophils recruited to the site of infection. Therefore, proper modeling of the N. gonorrhoeae interaction with neutrophils is very important for investigating and understanding the mechanisms that gonococci use to evade the immune response. We have used a combination of a unique human 3D tissue model together with a dynamic culture system to study neutrophil transmigration to the site of N. gonorrhoeae infection. The triple co-culture model consisted of epithelial cells (T84 human colorectal carcinoma cells), human primary dermal fibroblasts, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells on a biological scaffold (SIS). After the infection of the tissue model with N. gonorrhoeae, we introduced primary human neutrophils to the endothelial side of the model using a perfusion-based bioreactor system. By this approach, we were able to demonstrate the activation and transmigration of neutrophils across the 3D tissue model and their recruitment to the site of infection. In summary, the triple co-culture model supplemented by neutrophils represents a promising tool for investigating N. gonorrhoeae and other bacterial infections and interactions with the innate immunity cells under conditions closely resembling the native tissue environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2041731420988802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T13:23:12Z","timestamp":1611840192000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Triple co-culture and perfusion bioreactor for studying the interaction between\n                    <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n                    and neutrophils: A novel 3D tissue model for bacterial infection and immunity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Motaharehsadat","family":"Heydarian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schweinlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Centre Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), W\u00fcrzburg, Bayern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravisha","family":"Rawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Walles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center \u201cDynamic Systems: Systems Engineering\u201d (CDS), Otto von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Metzger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Centre Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), W\u00fcrzburg, Bayern, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9658-7018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera","family":"Kozjak-Pavlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2041731420988802","volume-title":"Global action plan to control the spread and impact of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae","author":"WHO","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr2-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00325-11"},{"key":"bibr3-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2713"},{"key":"bibr4-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq045"},{"key":"bibr5-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02429.x"},{"key":"bibr6-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.171.4.1155"},{"key":"bibr7-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-12-844605"},{"key":"bibr8-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115473"},{"key":"bibr9-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111622"},{"key":"bibr10-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2016.11.002"},{"key":"bibr11-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e318281f54e"},{"key":"bibr12-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.08.012"},{"key":"bibr13-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385"},{"key":"bibr14-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00748.x"},{"key":"bibr15-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12117"},{"key":"bibr16-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02452-14"},{"key":"bibr17-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.4.1971-1977.2005"},{"key":"bibr18-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024353"},{"key":"bibr19-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-5000-7"},{"key":"bibr20-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010067"},{"key":"bibr21-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2007.05.004"},{"key":"bibr22-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.169"},{"key":"bibr23-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000394"},{"key":"bibr24-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006269"},{"key":"bibr25-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45789"},{"key":"bibr26-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy347"},{"key":"bibr27-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08567-w"},{"key":"bibr28-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(08)02009-0"},{"key":"bibr29-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903136"},{"key":"bibr30-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.68.4.529","volume":"68","author":"Mul FP","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"bibr31-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01740"},{"key":"bibr32-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2011.0082"},{"key":"bibr33-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.01.020"},{"key":"bibr34-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2016.0101"},{"key":"bibr35-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22489"},{"key":"bibr36-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-274"},{"key":"bibr37-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00062752-200005000-00009"},{"key":"bibr38-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072636"},{"key":"bibr39-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02680"},{"key":"bibr40-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.5.941"},{"key":"bibr41-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.49"},{"key":"bibr42-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.177.4055.1200"},{"key":"bibr43-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1971.03180360058007"},{"key":"bibr44-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.18.3.833-839.1977"},{"key":"bibr45-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.5.2424"},{"key":"bibr46-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.2.834-843.1999"},{"key":"bibr47-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2014.0561"},{"key":"bibr48-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu062"},{"key":"bibr49-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00731-16"},{"key":"bibr50-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2016.06.020"},{"key":"bibr51-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.260828"},{"key":"bibr52-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.04.002"},{"key":"bibr53-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700081"},{"key":"bibr54-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-008-0750-1"},{"key":"bibr55-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-019-0227-1"},{"key":"bibr56-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.11.011"},{"key":"bibr57-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25167-4"},{"key":"bibr58-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00077"},{"key":"bibr59-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111426"},{"key":"bibr60-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04870-8"},{"key":"bibr61-2041731420988802","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mvre.2002.2434"}],"container-title":["Journal of Tissue Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2041731420988802","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2041731420988802","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2041731420988802","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:28:05Z","timestamp":1777591685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2041731420988802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2041731420988802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2041731420988802","relation":{},"ISSN":["2041-7314","2041-7314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2041-7314","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-7314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"article-number":"2041731420988802"}}