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However, establishing adequate mechanical strength is challenging, owing to the difficulty of achieving chondrogenic differentiation in vitro; thus, cartilage reconstruction is a complex task. Auricular perichondrial chondroprogenitor cells exhibit high proliferation potential and can be obtained with minimal invasion. Therefore, these cells are an ideal resource for elastic cartilage reconstruction. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel in vitro scaffold-free method for elastic cartilage reconstruction, using human auricular perichondrial chondroprogenitor cells. Inducing chondrogenesis by using microscopic spheroids similar to auricular hillocks significantly increased the chondrogenic potential. The size and elasticity of the tissue were maintained after craniofacial transplantation in immunodeficient mice, suggesting that the reconstructed tissue was morphologically stable. Our novel tissue reconstruction method may facilitate the development of future treatments for external ear abnormalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20417314221143484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T23:22:58Z","timestamp":1671837778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["In vitro elastic cartilage reconstruction using human auricular perichondrial chondroprogenitor cell\u2013derived micro 3D spheroids"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1865-5940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayoshi","family":"Oba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 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