{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T15:54:28Z","timestamp":1793202868408,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Development Program of China","award":["2017YFC1309601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC1309601"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Development Program of China","award":["2017YFC1309603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC1309603"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018A030313251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A030313251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our aim was to investigate the impact of glycemic variability (GV) on the relationship between glucose management indicator (GMI) and laboratory glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) were enrolled from five hospitals in China. All subjects wore the iPro\n                      <jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup>\n                      2 system for 14\u2009days before HbA1c was measured at baseline, 3\u2009months and 6\u2009months. Data derived from iPro\n                      <jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup>\n                      2 sensor was used to calculate GMI and GV parameters [standard deviation (SD), glucose coefficient of variation (CV), and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)]. Differences between GMI and laboratory HbA1c were assessed by the absolute value of the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 91 sensor data and corresponding laboratory HbA1c, as well as demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed. GMI and HbA1c were 7.20\u2009\u00b1\u20090.67% and 7.52\u2009\u00b1\u20090.73%, respectively. The percentage of subjects with absolute HGI 0 to lower than 0.1% was 21%. GMI was significantly associated with laboratory HbA1c after basic adjustment (standardized \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.83, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Further adjustment for SD or MAGE reduced the standardized \u03b2 for laboratory HbA1c from 0.83 to 0.71 and 0.73, respectively (both p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In contrast, the \u03b2 remained relatively constant when further adjusting for CV. Spearman correlation analysis showed that GMI and laboratory HbA1c were correlated for each quartile of SD and MAGE (all p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with the corresponding correlation coefficients decreased across ascending quartiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study validated the GMI formula using the iPro\n                      <jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup>\n                      2 sensor in adult patients with T1D. GV influenced the relationship between GMI and laboratory HbA1c.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018820931664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T06:13:31Z","timestamp":1591596811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Impacts of glycemic variability on the relationship between glucose management indicator from iPro\n                    <sup>\u2122<\/sup>\n                    2 and laboratory hemoglobin A1c in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0170-4048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongxia","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daizhi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongrong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongwen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sihui","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liling","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan City People\u2019s Hospital, Zhongshan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Funeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai JiaoTong University Affiliated Sixth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key 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