{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:18:26Z","timestamp":1777879106328,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81273009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81273009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81874257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81874257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of iodide intake adjustment, 1,25(OH)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      supplementation, or both, on the thyroid gland of rat offspring.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The offspring of female rats administered 100 times the normal dose of iodide (100\u2009HI; 750\u2009\u03bcg\/d) during pregnancy and lactation were divided into four different treatment groups. They were either having their iodide intake adjusted from 100\u2009HI to normal iodide intake (7.5\u2009\u03bcg\/day) or supplemented with 25-hydroxy vitamin D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      [1,25(OH)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ; 5\u2009\u03bcg\u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b7day\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ], or both, for 4\u2009weeks. Thyroid sodium pertechnetate (Na\n                      <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\n                      TcO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) uptake percentages were measured using single-photon emission computed tomography, while serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and vitamin D3 (VD3) were monitored using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The messenger ribonucleic acid expression of interleukin (IL)-17A, interferon gamma (IFN-\u03b3), and IL-10 in the thyroid gland was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while the protein expression of thyroid-hormone-receptor \u03b11 (TR\u03b11) and thyroid-hormone-receptor \u03b21 (TR\u03b21) in the thyroid gland was detected using Western blotting. Haematoxylin and eosin (H &amp; E) and immunofluorescence staining were also used to assess thyroid follicular structure and lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid glands.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The immunofluorescence staining showed CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      co-localized with TR\u03b21 or the vitamin D receptor in thyroid gland cells of rats that were continuously treated with 100\u2009HI. Following iodide adjustment, 1,25(OH)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      supplementation, or both, an increase in serum levels of FT3, free thyroxine, and VD3, protein expression of TR\u03b11 and TR\u03b21 in the thyroid gland cells, and Na\n                      <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\n                      TcO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      thyroid uptake percentages was observed. The mRNA expression levels of IL-17A and IFN-\u03b3, decreased, while the mRNA expression levels of IL-10 increased in the thyroid cells of each treatment group, except the group with continuous 100\u2009HI intake.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Iodide adjustment, 1,25(OH)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      supplementation, or both may increase the serum levels of FT3, FT4, and VD3, as well as the protein expression levels of TR\u03b11 and TR\u03b21, in thyroid cells. In addition, iodide adjustment, 1,25(OH)\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      supplementation, or both, may potentially reverse the imbalance in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, IFN-\u03b3, and IL-10) caused by 100\u2009HI, which may be beneficial in improving Na\n                      <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\n                      TcO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      thyroid uptake percentages.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018820958295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T00:54:38Z","timestamp":1603241678000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The protective effect of iodide intake adjustment and 1,25(OH)\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    D\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    supplementation in rat offspring following excess iodide intake"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanni","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ciri","family":"Raguthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuncheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, 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