{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T06:38:21Z","timestamp":1789799901252,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by at least three of the following five criteria: blood pressure \u2a7e130\/85\u2009mmHg, fasting blood glucose \u2a7e5.6\u2009mmol\/l, triglycerides concentration \u2a7e1.7\u2009mmol\/l, waist circumference \u2a7e102\u2009cm (for men), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration &lt;1.03\u2009mmol\/l (for men). MetS has been associated with worse lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and higher International Prostate Symptom questionnaire scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov, and SCOPUS were critically appraised for all peer-reviewed manuscripts that suitably fulfilled our protocol\u2019s inclusion criteria established a priori. Meta-analytical and meta-regression calculations were performed in R using the Sidik\u2013Jonkman and Hartung\u2013Knapp random effects model and predefined covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 70 studies ( n\u2009=\u200990,206) were included in qualitative synthesis. From these, 60 studies focused on MetS and LUTS: 44 reported positive correlations, 5 reported negative correlations, 11 reported no association, and 10 studies focused on MetS and total prostate volume (TPV). MetS positively correlated with moderate LUTS [odds ratio (OR) \u2009=\u20091.56, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20091.35\u20131.80], severe LUTS (OR\u2009=\u20092.35, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.82\u20133.03), overactive bladder (OAB; OR\u2009=\u20093.2, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.6\u20135.8), and nocturia severity (OR\u2009=\u20092.509, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.571\u20134.007) at multivariate analysis. A total of 30 studies ( n\u2009=\u200922,206) were included in meta-analysis; MetS was significantly associated with higher TPV (mean differences\u2009=\u20094.4450\u2009ml, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.0177\u20136.8723), but no significant predictive factors for effect sizes were discovered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our meta-analysis demonstrates a significant association between the aggravating effects of MetS, which commonly coexists with obesity and benign prostate enlargement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188211066210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T05:19:22Z","timestamp":1638940762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Metabolic syndrome is associated with prostate enlargement: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression on patients with lower urinary tract symptom factors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Asma","family":"Omran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca M.","family":"Leca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"O\u0161tarija\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urogynaecology, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoulikha M.","family":"Za\u00efr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Royal University Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander D.","family":"Miras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carel W.","family":"le Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Complication Research Centre, School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Royce P.","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UKDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Cardozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urogynaecology, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6662-804X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios K.","family":"Dimitriadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology ASO\/EASO COM, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UKDepartment of Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Immunometabolism Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20420188211066210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644"},{"key":"bibr2-20420188211066210","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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