{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:18:49Z","timestamp":1777879129340,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunoassay (IA) measurements of thyroid hormones have previously given inaccurate results of triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) when concentrations of TBG are low. We evaluate the hypothesis that abnormal concentrations of specific binding proteins (BPs) affect IA measurements and provide results which might misguide the diagnosis and treatment of patients. This study assesses IAs for the measurement of T3, FT3, and cortisol when levels of TBG and CBG are high or low. Comparisons are made between IA and LC-MS\/MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum or plasma samples with high (&gt;95th percentile,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200925) or low (&lt;5th percentile,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200927) concentrations of BP were collected. The concentrations of T3, FT3, and cortisol were measured by validated IA and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) methods. Spearman correlation and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank analyses were used to compare the two methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      When TBG levels are &lt;5th percentile, the differences between the IA and LC-MS\/MS results for T3 and FT3 are statistically significant (T3,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0011; FT3,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0003). When CBG levels are &gt;95th percentile, the difference between the IA and LC-MS\/MS measurements of cortisol is statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009&lt;0.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abnormal BP concentrations appear to affect the accuracy of IA measurements of T3, FT3, and cortisol. The population of patients with either high or low levels of BPs is significant. Our samples reflect that 65% of women aged between 15 and 49\u2009years are taking oral contraceptives in the US, and thus have elevated levels of BPs. In this group, IA results for cortisol are falsely low. Our samples reflect that patients with protein losing diseases have low BP concentrations. Among a group with renal complications, IA measurements of T3 are overestimated, while those of FT3 are underestimated. Are the Food and Drug Administration and diagnostic companies adequately assessing the accuracy of IA tests?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018821989240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T03:10:58Z","timestamp":1611717058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The effect of specific binding proteins on immunoassay measurements of total and free thyroid hormones and cortisol"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9961-6398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Gant Kanegusuku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Araque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Pituitary Institute, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saman","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2098-2027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven J.","family":"Soldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20892\u20130001, USA"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2009.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407680-8.00005-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2020.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-29-6-866"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/19.3.291"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/33.10.1946a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/34.5.949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/49.8.1381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0962"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/49.8.1250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2010.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.154088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.7.769"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.118752"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2014.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2009.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-019-01724-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"178","article-title":"Comparison of thyroid panel by immunoassay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry during transition from euthyroid to hyperthyroid state","volume":"5","author":"Kushchayeva Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kushchayeva Y, Soldin SJ, Stolze B, et al. 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