{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T15:45:47Z","timestamp":1784735147753,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010425","name":"Tri-Service General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TSGH-B-113025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-B-113025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies have suggested that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) may modulate asthma-related immune pathways, but evidence directly linking the use of GLP-1 RAs to asthma onset remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to evaluate whether the use of GLP-1 RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a reduced risk and severity of asthma development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study was designed to evaluate asthma onset and severity in patients with T2DM treated with GLP-1 RAs, using data from the National Health Insurance Database (2011\u20132015).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Asthma onset and severity were evaluated in 1345 patients with T2DM treated with GLP-1 RAs from a cohort of 1,936,512 individuals, excluding those with pre-existing asthma. Asthma risk was assessed across four severity levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study demonstrated a mean follow-up duration of 2.92\u2009\u00b1\u20091.82\u2009years. Notably, treatment with GLP-1 RAs significantly reduced asthma risk compared with the non-GLP-1 RA group, as indicated by an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45\u20130.76), suggesting a consistent class effect. A protective trend was observed across various severity levels of asthma. The HRs for the GLP-1 RA group compared with the non-GLP-1 RA group for cases with no acute exacerbations (No-AE), acute exacerbations (AE), and status asthmaticus (Status) were 0.55 (95% CI, 0.37\u20130.62), 0.59 (95% CI, 0.39\u20130.66), and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.56\u20130.93), respectively. However, in cases requiring endotracheal intubation, the HR was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.65\u20131.09).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study highlights a consistent effect of GLP-1 RAs in reducing asthma risk and severity, except in cases requiring endotracheal intubation, suggesting that GLP-1 RAs may contribute to reducing asthma incidence and severity in patients with T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188251400536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T10:50:43Z","timestamp":1765968643000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists linked to a reduced risk of developing asthma among patients with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9516-8943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yung-Sheng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Hsiang","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0632-7463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Ming","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Ping","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsu-Hsuan","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Chiang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chieh-Hua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Chih","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu-Chien","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5036-9592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao-Jen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering Department and Institute of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, Number 510, Zhong-Zheng Road, Xin-Zhuang District, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3044-7976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng-Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Road, Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan, ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00618-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2023.100794"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02770908809071357"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61022-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.12.634"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"257","article-title":"Epidemiology and current status of asthma and associated allergic diseases in Taiwan ARIA AsiaPacific Workshop report.pdf","volume":"26","author":"Yeh K-W","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yeh K-W, Chiang L-CC, Huang J-L. Epidemiology and current status of asthma and associated allergic diseases in Taiwan ARIA AsiaPacific Workshop report.pdf. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2008; 26: 257\u2013264.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01450-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.070169"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0880"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz067"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201812-897OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202004-0993OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13372"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666221135320"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","article-title":"Increased risk of major depression in the three years following a femoral neck fracture\u2014a national population-based follow-up study","volume":"9","author":"Chang CY","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang CY, Chen WL, Liou YF, et al. Increased risk of major depression in the three years following a femoral neck fracture\u2014a national population-based follow-up study. PLoS One 2014; 9: e89867.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2019.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.200810044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2017.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51648-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcx125"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.12.140"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1305638"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403347"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30104-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00849-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-06072-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-023-09807-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01741-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02753-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endmts.2024.100168"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109080"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.11.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.01.053"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20420188251400536","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20420188251400536","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20420188251400536","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:37:05Z","timestamp":1777592225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20420188251400536"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20420188251400536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20420188251400536","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-0188","2042-0196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-0188","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-0196","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"article-number":"20420188251400536"}}