{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T22:40:04Z","timestamp":1788302404954,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AAP2008983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AAP2008983"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP2001692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP2001692"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolic disorders significantly contribute to global morbidity and mortality. However, data on these trends in the Arab region remain limited despite rising obesity rates and declining metabolic health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to investigate the trends and burdens of metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and ischemic stroke and related risk factors in the Arab region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of metabolic diseases based on the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed age-standardized rates of disease prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021, using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2021, the Arab region faced a substantial burden: 34.6 million with diabetes, 30.8 million with CVD, 32 million with CKD, 109.4 million with MAFLD, and 3 million with stroke. Mortality and DALYs for these diseases often exceeded global averages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Arab region faces a significant public health challenge due to increasing metabolic disease burdens and inconsistent mortality reduction. A comprehensive approach addressing lifestyle factors and improving healthcare access is crucial to improving health outcomes and managing this growing burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188251406531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T08:11:07Z","timestamp":1766045467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The burden of metabolic diseases in the Arab region, 1990\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ziyan","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 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Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moutaz","family":"Derbala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maheeba","family":"Abdulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Ibn Al Nafees Hospital, Manama, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Tahiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019H\u00e9pato-Gastro-Ent\u00e9rologie, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said A.","family":"Al-Busafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawal","family":"Alkhalidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Ministry of Health and Environment, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Hotayt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Sahel General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Al-Awadhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Diseases Unit, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab 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