{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:26:45Z","timestamp":1780450005741,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adverse effects (AEs) have been reported with all antiretroviral therapy (ART) medications, and it was among the most common cause for switching or terminating therapy and drug non-adherence. Even though AEs of ART medications are common and to be expected, little study has been conducted on the understanding of patients on the AEs. Therefore, this study aimed to assess patients\u2019 knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward ART medications\u2019 AEs and associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study design was applied using an interviewer-administered questionnaire from June to September 2021 on human immunodeficiency virus\/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients on follow-up at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Data was gathered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the independent variable and patients\u2019 knowledge and attitude about the AEs of ART medication. A p-value of 0.05 was used to determine the statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>About 230 people were enrolled in this study, with 51.3% of them female. Study participants had a mean age of 36\u2009years (standard deviation\u2009=\u200914.19). Of 230 participants, 67.8% had received advice on the AEs of ART medications. Poor knowledge and attitude were observed among 47.8 and 51.3% of respondents, respectively. Prior AEs experience, lack of experiencing opportunistic infection, and lack of counseling about ART medications\u2019 AEs were associated with poor knowledge, whereas female gender and a lack of counseling regarding ART medications\u2019 AEs were associated with a negative attitude ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Even though most patients (81.7%) report AEs of the medication to professionals, a significant number of patients involved in malpractices such as taking other drugs to treat AEs (24.3%), not prepared to do anything (27.1%), change the suspected drug (24.3%), reduce the dose (18.7%), and use local herbal medicines to treat suspected AEs (20.2%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the study participants had poor knowledge, lack of positive attitudes, and non-adherence to the actual recommended practice toward AEs of ART medications. Lack of comorbidity, having prior AEs experience, and lack of counseling regarding ART medication AEs were associated with poor knowledge. Female gender and a lack of counseling on the AEs of ART medications were associated with a negative attitude.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20420986231194752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T07:50:45Z","timestamp":1693554645000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["HIV\/AIDS patients\u2019 knowledge, attitude, and practice toward anti-retroviral therapy medications\u2019 adverse effects and associated factors in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9676-8943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zenebe","family":"Negash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohannes","family":"Yibeltal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akeberegn Gorems","family":"Ayele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20420986231194752","unstructured":"IN DANGER: UNAIDS Global AIDS Update 2022. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS, https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/2022-global-aids-update_en.pdf (2022, accessed 22 September 2022)."},{"key":"bibr2-20420986231194752","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). UNAIDS facts sheet 2022. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/UNAIDS_FactSheet_en.pdf (2022, accessed 22 September 2022)."},{"key":"bibr3-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)30087-X"},{"key":"bibr4-20420986231194752","unstructured":"Ethiopia Country Operational Plan COP 2021 Strategic Direction Summary,https:\/\/www.state.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Ethiopia_SDS_Final-Public_Aug-11-2021.pdf (accessed 21 March 2023)."},{"key":"bibr5-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200404090-00006"},{"key":"bibr6-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.828"},{"key":"bibr7-20420986231194752","unstructured":"UNAIDS, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS in UNAIDS Data, https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/documents\/2018\/unaids-data-2018 (2018, accessed 22 September 2022)."},{"key":"bibr8-20420986231194752","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH). HIV Preventionin Ethiopia National Road Map 2018\u2013 2020, https:\/\/ethiopia.unfpa.org\/en\/publications\/hiv-prevention-ethiopia-national-road-map-2018-2021 (accessed 22 September 2022)."},{"key":"bibr9-20420986231194752","unstructured":"World Health Organization. A practical hand book on the pharmacovigilance of antiretroviral medicines. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/44236\/9789241547949_eng.pdf;jsessionid=89C523F7A9FBEC221227C9207CADD573?sequence=1 (2013, accessed 22 September 2022)."},{"key":"bibr10-20420986231194752","unstructured":"Ethiopian Food, Medicine and Health care Administration and Control Authority (FMHACA). Importance of Active surveillance and Cohort Event monitoring on ARV medicines in Ethiopia in Pharmacovigilance newsletter 2016, pharmacovigilance center Ethiopia, http:\/\/www.fmhaca.gov.Et\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Pharmacovigilance-newsletter-16.pdf (accessed 22 September 2022)."},{"key":"bibr11-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450120666190214144609"},{"key":"bibr12-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200502010-00011"},{"key":"bibr13-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-017-0143-1"},{"key":"bibr14-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijans.2019.05.001"},{"key":"bibr15-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2329-6887.1000236"},{"key":"bibr16-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9107989"},{"key":"bibr17-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14710\/nmjn.v8i2.20742"},{"key":"bibr18-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2006.02642.x"},{"key":"bibr19-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-3485.100657"},{"key":"bibr20-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2021.0233"},{"key":"bibr21-20420986231194752","first-page":"127","volume":"49","author":"de Andrade Moraes DC","year":"2018","journal-title":"Enferm Glob"},{"key":"bibr22-20420986231194752","first-page":"65","volume":"11","author":"Vinhaes CL","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"bibr23-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200304001-00002"},{"key":"bibr24-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11588460-000000000-00000"},{"key":"bibr25-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539511427955"},{"key":"bibr26-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.5.706"},{"key":"bibr27-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2018.05.012"},{"key":"bibr28-20420986231194752","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-005-9001-6"},{"key":"bibr29-20420986231194752","first-page":"155","volume":"19","author":"Orza L","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Hum Rights"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20420986231194752","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20420986231194752","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20420986231194752","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:40:16Z","timestamp":1777592416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20420986231194752"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20420986231194752"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20420986231194752","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-0986","2042-0994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-0986","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-0994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"article-number":"20420986231194752"}}