{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:25:17Z","timestamp":1788953117971,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003197","name":"Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco, Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Active pharmacovigilance funds 2012-2013-2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Active pharmacovigilance funds 2012-2013-2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, life-threatening lung disease with a global incidence of 0.09\u20131.30 per 10,000 individuals. Pirfenidone and nintedanib are the approved treatments for IPF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the real-world safety and tolerability profiles of pirfenidone and nintedanib in IPF patients treated at the Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT). A comparative analysis was conducted based on the number, types, and severity of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and to identify potential predictors of treatment discontinuation or ADR onset based on patient characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective observational study was conducted on 531 IPF patients treated at IRCCS ISMETT with either pirfenidone or nintedanib.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eligible patients were selected based on the logged monthly dispensations provided by the pharmacy service for both therapies. Covariates were extracted from electronic medical records (age, sex, body mass index, smoking history, comorbidities, forced vital capacity (FVC) %, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) %, 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), polytherapy, oxygen therapy, drug switch, etc.). ADRs were categorized by severity and follow-up status, and further classified according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities, specifying the Preferred Terms and the related System Organ Classes. Chi-square or Fisher\u2019s exact test was used for categorical variables, and univariate and multiple logistic regression identified potential risk factors for ADR onset. Backward Stepwise logistic regression (BSLR) was used to determine independent variables associated with ADR occurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The nintedanib group had more frequent ADRs related to gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders, with nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, and weight loss as the most common. The pirfenidone group had more ADRs related to skin, nervous system, and vascular disorders, such as rash, nausea, dizziness, and blood pressure imbalances. Significant baseline differences between groups included age, smoking status, FVC (%), DLCO (%), and 6-MWT, with the nintedanib cohort showing worse baseline characteristics. A total of 450 ADRs were reported: 59.6% for nintedanib and 40.4% for pirfenidone. Independent variables that significantly increased the likelihood of experiencing ADR were drug change, treatment type, gender, and age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identifying ADR predictors is essential for personalizing treatment strategies. Both pirfenidone and nintedanib are crucial in managing IPF, highlighting the need for further research to optimize personalized therapies and patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20420986251341645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T03:22:27Z","timestamp":1748316147000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Real-world insights into safety, tolerability, and predictive factors of adverse drug reactions in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with pirfenidone and nintedanib"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7132-000X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Provenzani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Service, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Via E. Tricomi n. 1, Palermo 90127, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Leonardi Vinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy Complex Operational Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Alaimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Pharmacovigilance Center, University of Messina, Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Di Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Specialization in Hospital Pharmacy, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Tuzzolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Data Management Services, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Floridia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Data Management Services, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Di Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Service, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1931-8330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Carollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Service, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Callari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Unit, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piera","family":"Polidori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy Complex Operational Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizio","family":"Vitulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Unit, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202202-0399ST"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60052-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"List of rare diseases and synonyms listed in alphabetical order. 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