{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:44:54Z","timestamp":1780065894699,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent thought to inhibit the growth of del(5q) haematopoietic progenitors in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) that was approved for use in Europe for certain forms of these conditions in 2013.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to identify the distribution of lenalidomide treatment and safety outcomes in patients with MDS in Europe among those treated within (on-label) and outside (off-label) of the European Commission-approved indication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational, retrospective study of prospectively collected disease registry data (13 June 2013 to 1 May 2023) summarised lenalidomide treatment patterns and safety outcomes by on- and off-label treatment in 11 European countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Safety outcomes included progression to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), second primary malignancies (SPMs), adverse events (AEs) and all-cause mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI were reported for progression to AML comparing on- to off-label treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 523 qualifying patients, more were prescribed lenalidomide off-label (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009345) than on-label (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009157); label status was unknown in 21 patients prescribed lenalidomide. Progression to AML occurred in 10.2% of on-label patients and 13.0% of off-label patients (HR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.4, 1.7). Solid tumours were the most common SPM (7.0% on-label, 1.7% off-label). Neutropenia (38.9% on-label, 33.3% off-label) and thrombocytopenia (36.9% on-label, 28.1% off-label) were the most common AEs. Death occurred in 53 on-label and 75 off-label patients. The most common causes of death were unknown (19.1% on-label, 4.3% off-label) or due to AML (3.2% on-label, 6.1% off-label).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis of real-world registry data indicated that off-label lenalidomide use in patients treated for MDS was common. Across the registries studied, the overall incidence of safety events of lenalidomide in patients with MDS was consistent in both on-label and off-label use, highlighting the importance of researching off-label use of lenalidomide in MDS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was registered with the EU Post-Authorisation Studies (PAS) Register: EUPAS22604.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20420986251407181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T12:27:01Z","timestamp":1769516821000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating the patterns of use and safety of lenalidomide treatment in myelodysplastic syndromes: a European, observational multi-registry study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Iris","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Strategy, Worldwide Patient Safety, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aidan","family":"Makwana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb, Boudry, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Ezenma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb, Boudry, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Navarcikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb, Boudry, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muskan","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syneos Health, Gurugram, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quinn","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Costello Medical Inc., Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Borda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Costello Medical Inc., Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kaehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb Pharma EEIG, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610477104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065734"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"783","article-title":"Myelodysplastic syndromes: diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment","volume":"110","author":"Germing U","year":"2013","unstructured":"Germing U, Kobbe G, Haas R, et al. 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