{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:57:54Z","timestamp":1780059474458,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical syndrome caused by glomerular injury. Medication-related nephrotic syndrome (MRNS) has become an important focus of pharmacovigilance. However, there is currently a lack of real-world studies on MRNS in large populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically evaluate adverse drug events associated with MRNS using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and to identify high-risk medications and their onset characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective pharmacovigilance study based on disproportionality analysis and Bayesian signal detection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective pharmacovigilance study. FAERS reports from 2004 to 2024 were extracted, cleaned, and standardized to identify MRNS cases. The association between medications and MRNS was evaluated using four methods: Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio, Multi-Item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS), and Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN). In addition, medication risk classification and cumulative risk curve of medication-induced onset time were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 3990 MRNS cases were identified, including 1963 males (56.23%) and 1528 females (43.77%). Fifty-four medications demonstrated significant positive signals, including 26 antineoplastic medications (ramucirumab, ROR\u2009=\u200933.59), 7 anti-inflammatory medications (sulfasalazine, ROR\u2009=\u200924.74), 2 digestive system medications (famotidine, ROR\u2009=\u200929.28), and 19 other medications (phentermine, ROR\u2009=\u200941.76). BCPNN values indicated that phentermine (5.37), penicillamine (5.13), and ramucirumab (5.06) posed the highest risk. Onset-time analysis showed the shortest average onset for anticancer agents (120.98\u2009days) and the longest for anti-inflammatory medications (165.12\u2009days).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides the first large-scale evaluation of MRNS using FAERS. By identifying high-risk medications and characterizing onset-time patterns, these findings offer valuable evidence for early risk recognition and may support improved pharmacovigilance strategies to reduce medication-related kidney injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20420986261446488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:47:05Z","timestamp":1778892425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Medication-related nephrotic syndrome: a real-world study from 2004 to 2024 based on the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatic, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingfen","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Affairs, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7636-2665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou 310012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-021-02098-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07180622"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12081860"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.14331218"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00150118"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"479","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of nephrotic syndrome in adults","volume":"93","author":"Kodner C.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kodner C. 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