{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:22:51Z","timestamp":1777879371347,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JRSM Short Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As reported in the 2011 World Drug Report, cocaine is likely to be the most problematic drug worldwide in terms of trafficking-related violence and second only to heroin in terms of negative health consequences and drug deaths. Over a period of 60 years, cocaine evolved from the celebrated panacea of the 1860s to outlawed street drug of the 1920s. As demonstrated by the evolution of cocaine use and abuse in the United Kingdom and United States during this time period, cultural attitudes influenced both the acceptance of cocaine into the medical field and the reaction to the harmful effects of cocaine. Our review of articles on cocaine use in the United Kingdom and the United States from 1860 to 1920 reveals an attitude of caution in the United Kingdom compared with an attitude of progressivism in the United States. When the trends in medical literature are viewed in the context of the development of drug regulations, our analysis provides insight into the relationship between cultural attitudes and drug policy, supporting the premise that it is cultural and social factors which shape drug policy, rather than drug regulations changing culture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2042533313478324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]],"date-time":"2013-05-08T02:05:16Z","timestamp":1367978716000},"page":"1-5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From gold-medal glory to prohibition: the early evolution of cocaine in the United Kingdom and the United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Vicki","family":"Wielenga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawna","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2042533313478324","unstructured":"UNODC. World Drug Report 2011. Malta: United Nations Publication; 2011 June, p. 272. Sales No. E.11.XI.10."},{"key":"bibr2-2042533313478324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2008.10.002"},{"key":"bibr3-2042533313478324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)49996-5"},{"key":"bibr4-2042533313478324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)64142-X"},{"key":"bibr5-2042533313478324","volume-title":"Cocaine: Global Histories.","author":"Gootenberg P","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr6-2042533313478324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)30024-2"},{"key":"bibr7-2042533313478324","volume-title":"An Anatomy of Addiction: Sigmund Freud, William Halsted, and the Miracle Drug Cocaine.","author":"Markel H","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr8-2042533313478324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.394"},{"key":"bibr9-2042533313478324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)27434-6"},{"key":"bibr10-2042533313478324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)28778-4"},{"key":"bibr11-2042533313478324","volume-title":"Cocaine and Its Use in Ophthalmic and General Surgery.","author":"Knapp H","year":"1885"},{"key":"bibr12-2042533313478324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)82635-0"},{"key":"bibr13-2042533313478324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)49824-7"},{"key":"bibr14-2042533313478324","volume-title":"Hooked: Illegal Drugs & How They Got That Way - Cocaine, the Third Scourge","author":"Yaroschuk T","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr15-2042533313478324","unstructured":"Stevens A, Reuter P. An Analysis of UK Drug Policy. London: UK Drug Policy Commission, 2007 Apr, p. 108."},{"key":"bibr16-2042533313478324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540190087043"}],"container-title":["JRSM Short Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2042533313478324","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2042533313478324","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2042533313478324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:41:48Z","timestamp":1777592508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2042533313478324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2042533313478324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2042533313478324","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-5333"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-5333","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}}}