{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:50:06Z","timestamp":1791773406367,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Extant literature pertaining to the administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, substance-, alcohol- and nicotine-use disorders, suggests promising efficacy beyond the current FDA-approved indications (e.g., type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity). The implicated brain regions of the aforementioned mental disorders contain glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptors associated with improving cognitive and behavioral functioning. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the treatment effects of GLP-1RAs in various neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders. Online databases including PubMed, OVID, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Google Scholar, were searched from inception until October 1, 2024. Additional studies were identified from the reference lists of the included articles. 22 studies were identified, with a total of 186,847 participants included. Results reported that GLP-1RAs meaningfully improved cognitive and affective functioning (e.g., memory), which in some cases was sustained beyond exposure to the agent. Separately, multiple epidemiological studies reported that GLP-1RAs have protective effects, with a suggestion of decrease in the incidence of mental disorders. These results provides the impetus for large, long-term, randomized controlled trials for GLP-1 RAs for the treatment of various mental disorders. This review is not registered in PROSPERO or any other registry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20451253251396304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T07:32:17Z","timestamp":1766388737000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on psychiatric disorders: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Serene","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla M.","family":"Teopiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gia","family":"Han Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, CanadaBrain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Stahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Valentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Division of Life Science (LIFS), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie C.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taeho","family":"Greg Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4733-2523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger S.","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 77 Bloor Street West, Suite 617, Toronto, ON M5S 1M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists","author":"Collins L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Collins L, Costello RA. 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