{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T01:13:36Z","timestamp":1783905216075,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy (MDMA-AP) has demonstrated considerable efficacy in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD and complex PTSD (CPTSD) frequently co-occur with borderline personality disorder (BPD), a complex disorder marked by emotional dysregulation, interpersonal difficulties and abandonment fears \u2013 often accompanied by suicidal and non-suicidal self-injury. While MDMA-AP is beneficial for PTSD and hypothesised to be effective for BPD, its application to CPTSD and BPD has not been systematically reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically evaluate primary evidence on the use of MDMA-AP in treating PTSD, CPTSD, and BPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive systematic review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search of four databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, APA PsycINFO and CENTRAL) identified 24 eligible peer-reviewed studies published before 17 February 2025. Risk of bias and data extraction were conducted independently using standardised methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 24 studies involving 335 participants, 15 reported outcomes from seven clinical trials, four were case reports, and five were non-randomised interventions. Four studies included participants with multiple forms of trauma, and three included those with dissociative PTSD. Most reported reduced PTSD symptoms post-intervention; some noted decreased dissociative symptoms at higher MDMA doses. Six studies did not exclude participants with BPD. Although none directly assessed MDMA-AP for CPTSD or BPD, improvements in emotional regulation, interpersonal functioning, identity coherence and abandonment concerns were reported. Adverse drug reactions were mild to moderate, although specific safety concerns remain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings from this review suggest that MDMA-AP may have applicability beyond PTSD, with potential benefits for CPTSD and BPD, offering preliminary insights to inform future research and clinical considerations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Protocol registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO ID: CRD42025594896.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20451253251408626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T09:41:06Z","timestamp":1783417266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Making a case for using MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder and complex PTSD: a descriptive systematic review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8220-7627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karthika","family":"Kasiviswanathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrum Personality Disorder and Complex Trauma Service, Centre for Research and Innovation, 110 Church Street, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia Monash University, Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinuli","family":"Nilaweera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrum Personality Disorder and Complex Trauma Service, Centre for Research and Innovation, Richmond, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Morando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrum Personality Disorder and Complex Trauma Service, Centre for Research and Innovation, Richmond, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Monash University, Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sathya","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrum Personality Disorder and Complex Trauma Service, Centre for Research and Innovation, Richmond, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Monash University, School of Clinical Sciences, Clayton, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrum Personality Disorder and Complex Trauma Service, Centre for Research and Innovation, Richmond, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3993-2020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Fettling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrum Personality Disorder and Complex Trauma Service, Centre for Research and Innovation, Richmond, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3342-5868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jillian H.","family":"Broadbear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrum Personality Disorder and Complex Trauma Service, Centre for Research and Innovation, Richmond, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Monash University, Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","article-title":"MDMA and MDMA-assisted therapy","volume":"182","author":"Wolfgang AS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wolfgang AS, Fonzo GA, Gray JC, et al. 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