{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:30:00Z","timestamp":1777879800697,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This case report describes the rapid clinical response to etifoxine, an oral translocator protein 18\u2009kDa (TSPO) ligand, in a patient with severe, treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with comorbid bipolar I disorder. Despite extensive prior pharmacological treatments and neurosurgical interventions, the patient experienced significant symptom amelioration within days of etifoxine initiation (the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) score decreased from 50 to 29). We discussed the potential mechanisms underlying this rapid response, including direct \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor modulation, increased endogenous neurosteroidogenesis, reduced neuroinflammation, and modulation of the gut-brain axis. This case highlights etifoxine as a novel therapeutic option for treatment-resistant OCD and underscores the need for further research into TSPO ligands in this context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20451253261429968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T13:46:47Z","timestamp":1773582407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A rapid clinical response to etifoxine in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case report of a patient with comorbid bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0228-3043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pornjira","family":"Pariwatcharakul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6612-5891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Punyisa","family":"Prachgosin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychiatry MSc Programme, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1567"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01561-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-024-01843-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2024.110282"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.132"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120473"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-05177-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241511978"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1188847"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","first-page":"1585","article-title":"Gut microbiota and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review of mechanistic links, evidence from human and preclinical studies, and therapeutic prospects","volume":"15","author":"Eghdami S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Eghdami S, Saeidi M, Gunturu S, et al. Gut microbiota and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review of mechanistic links, evidence from human and preclinical studies, and therapeutic prospects. 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