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The agents that cause endothelial injury and dysfunction fall into a broad range from mechanical forces such as pathological cyclic stretch and shear stress to bacterial pathogens and their virulent components, vasoactive agonists including thrombin and histamine, metabolic causes including high glucose and oxidized low\u2010density lipoprotein (OxLDL), circulating microparticles, and inflammatory cytokines. The repair mechanisms employed by endothelial cells (EC) can be broadly categorized into three groups: (1) intrinsic mechanism of recovery regulated by the cross\u2010talk between small GTPases as exemplified by Rap1\u2010mediated EC barrier recovery from Rho\u2010mediated thrombin\u2010induced EC hyperpermeability; (2) agonist\u2010assisted recovery facilitated by the activation of Rac and Rap1 with subsequent inhibition of Rho signaling as observed with many barrier protective agonists including oxidized phospholipids, sphingosine 1\u2010phosphate, prostacyclins, and hepatocyte growth factor; and (3) self\u2010recovery of EC by the secretion of growth factors and other pro\u2010survival bioactive compounds including anti\u2010inflammatory molecules such as lipoxins during the resolution of inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms of pulmonary endothelium repair that is critical for the recovery from various forms of lung injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2045893217752660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,23]],"date-time":"2017-12-23T19:02:20Z","timestamp":1514055740000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Injured lung endothelium: mechanisms of self\u2010repair and agonist\u2010assisted recovery (2017 Grover Conference Series)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Konstantin G.","family":"Birukov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pratap","family":"Karki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of 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