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Recent studies reveal that the type\u20102 immune cytokines IL\u20104 and IL\u201013, as well as consequent activation of TGF\u2010\u03b2, are key factors in the pathogenesis of <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\u2010PH. Paclitaxel has been reported to act as an adjuvant for Th2\u00a0inflammation while downregulating TGF\u2010\u03b2 activation. Moreover, paclitaxel blocks PH in monocrotaline and SU5416\u2010hypoxia models. We hypothesized that paclitaxel would augment Th2\u00a0inflammation while blocking TGF\u2010\u03b2 activation and PH after schistosomiasis exposure. Wild\u2010type mice (C57BL6\/J; 6\/group) were intraperitoneally (IP) sensitized and then intravenously (IV) challenged with <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> eggs. One day after IV egg challenge, the mice were treated with a single IP dose of 25\u2009mg\/kg paclitaxel or vehicle. Right ventricular (RV) catheterization was performed and granuloma volumes and vascular remodeling were quantified. Lung cytokines were quantified by ELISA and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the quantity of active TGF\u2010\u03b2 was determined using a cell reporter line. We also investigated hypoxia\u2010induced PH. Paclitaxel treatment significantly protected mice from <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\u2010PH, with decreased RV systolic pressure (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005) and pulmonary vascular media thickness. Inflammation was significantly suppressed, contrary to our hypothesis, with decreased IL\u20104 and IL\u201013 levels, smaller granulomas, and less active TGF\u2010\u03b2 following paclitaxel treatment. There was no change in IFN\u2010\u03b3 or FoxO1 or FoxO3 expression. Paclitaxel did not suppress chronic hypoxia\u2010induced PH, which is also TGF\u2010\u03b2\u2010driven but independent of type\u20102 immunity. Paclitaxel protects against <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\u2010induced PH in mice, although by blocking proximate Th2\u00a0inflammation rather than suppressing distal TGF\u2010\u03b2 activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894018820813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]],"date-time":"2018-12-04T10:56:11Z","timestamp":1543920971000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Paclitaxel blocks Th2\u2010mediated TGF\u2010\u03b2 activation in <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>\u2010induced pulmonary hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Biruk","family":"Kassa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Translational Lung Research Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO 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