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Recently, abnormal alterations in gut microbiome composition and function were reported in a pulmonary arterial hypertension experimental animal model. However, it remains unclear whether these alterations are a result or the cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether alterations in the gut microbiome affected the hemodynamics in SU5416\/hypoxia rats. We used the SU5416\/hypoxia rat model in our study. SU5416\/hypoxia rats were treated with a single SU5416\u00a0injection (30\u2009mg\/kg) and a three\u2010week hypoxia exposure (10% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). Three SU5416\/hypoxia rats were treated with a combination of four antibiotics (SU5416\/hypoxia\u2009+\u2009ABx group) for four weeks. Another group was exposed to hypoxia (10% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) without the SU5416 treatment, and control rats received no treatment. Fecal samples were collected from each animal, and the gut microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The antibiotic treatment significantly suppressed the vascular remodeling, right ventricular hypertrophy, and increase in the right ventricular systolic pressure in SU5416\/hypoxia rats. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed gut microbiota modification in SU5416\/hypoxia\u2009+\u2009ABx group. The Firmicutes\u2010to\u2010Bacteroidetes ratio in SU5416\/hypoxia rats was significantly higher than that in control and hypoxia rats. Compared with the control microbiota, 14 bacterial genera, including <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>, increased, whereas seven bacteria, including <jats:italic>Rothia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Prevotellaceae<\/jats:italic>, decreased in abundance in SU5416\/hypoxia rats. Antibiotic\u2010induced modification of the gut microbiota suppresses the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Dysbiosis may play a causal role in the development and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894020929147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T18:56:18Z","timestamp":1590087378000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Gut microbiota modification suppresses the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension in an SU5416\/hypoxia rat model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5725-1810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki J.","family":"Sanada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respirology Graduate School of Medicine Chiba Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR\u2010VU)\/VU University Medical Center Amsterdam the 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