{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:32:40Z","timestamp":1790195560885,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]],"date-time":"2018-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Prev Cardiolog"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p> The risks and benefits of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes have not been well established. We pooled evidence from all available clinical trials to assess the cardiovascular effects of this drug. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p> A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> We queried electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, CENTRAL and clinicaltrials.gov) from their inception to July 2017 for published and unpublished placebo controlled trials of SGLT2 inhibitors. Only studies with a follow-up period of at least 24 weeks and reporting at least one cardiovascular outcome were included. Results from trials were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and were pooled using a random-effects model. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Thirty-five eligible studies (canagliflozin, nine; empagliflozin, eight; dapagliflozin, 18), consisting of 34,987 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. Pooled results show that SGLT2 inhibitors, when compared to placebo, significantly reduce all-cause mortality (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70\u20130.89; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), major adverse cardiac events (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.76\u20130.92; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), non-fatal myocardial infarction (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73\u20130.98; P\u2009=\u20090.03) and heart failure\/hospitalisation for heart failure (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.59\u20130.76; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. No significant difference was noted in the occurrence of stroke (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.85\u20131.21; P\u2009=\u20090.87), atrial fibrillation (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.31\u20131.19; P\u2009=\u20090.15) or unstable angina (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.73\u20131.25; P\u2009=\u20090.73). In addition, there was no heterogeneity between different drugs in the SGLT2 inhibitor class for all of the clinical outcomes studied ( I<jats:sup>2\u2009<\/jats:sup>=\u20090). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduce the incidence of mortality, major adverse cardiac events, non-fatal myocardial infarction and heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subtypes of SGLT2 inhibitors appear to have similar cardiovascular effects. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318755531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,26]],"date-time":"2018-01-26T10:36:28Z","timestamp":1516962988000},"page":"495-502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Shariq","family":"Usman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq Jamal","family":"Siddiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayakumar","family":"Sreenivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmeen","family":"Golzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, 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