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The Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) has shown that interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 blockade reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with previous myocardial infarction and C-reactive protein levels &gt;2\u2009mg\/L. These data confirm the connection between lipids and inflammation, as lipids activate the Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome that leads to IL-1\u03b2 activation. LDL-lowering drugs are the foundation of cardiovascular prevention. Now, the CANTOS trial demonstrates that combining them with IL-1\u03b2 blockade further decreases the incidence of cardiovascular events. However, both therapies are not at the same level, given the large evidence showing that LDL-lowering drugs reduce cardiovascular risk as opposed to only one randomized trial of IL-1\u03b2 blockade. In addition, IL-1\u03b2 blockade has only been studied in patients with C-reactive protein &gt;2\u2009mg\/L, while the benefit of LDL-lowering is not restricted to these patients. Also, lipid-lowering drugs are not harmful even at very low ranges of LDL, while anti-inflammatory therapies may confer a higher risk of developing fatal infections and sepsis. In the future, more clinical trials are needed to explore whether targeting other inflammatory molecules, both related and unrelated to the IL-1\u03b2 pathway, reduces the cardiovascular risk. In this regard, the ongoing trials with methotrexate and colchicine may clarify whether the cardiovascular benefit of IL-1\u03b2 blockade extends to other anti-inflammatory mechanisms. A positive result would represent a major change in the future treatment of atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318773384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,15]],"date-time":"2018-05-15T06:30:53Z","timestamp":1526365853000},"page":"948-955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Interplay between hypercholesterolaemia and inflammation in atherosclerosis: Translating experimental targets into clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Tu\u00f1\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Aut\u00f3noma University and CiberCV, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"B\u00e4ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Karolinska Institutet, 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