{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T13:24:38Z","timestamp":1789910678411,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Prev Cardiolog"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current guidelines suggest treatment for many individuals who may never develop a stroke. We hypothesized that a combination of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (C IMT) data could better individualize risk assessment for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 4720 individuals from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were evaluated for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. Cox proportional hazards models for time to incident ischemic stroke\/transient ischemic attack were used to examine CAC and CIMT as ischemic stroke\/transient ischemic attack predictors in addition to traditional risk factors. We calculated the 10-year number needed to treat by applying the benefit observed in ASCOT-LLA to the observed event rates within CAC and CIMT strata.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median follow-up was 13.1 years. Compared with individuals with no CAC and with CIMT\u2009\u2264\u200975th percentile, stroke\/transient ischemic attack risk increased progressively with each CAC category (0, 1\u2013100, &gt;100) among individuals with CIMT\u2009&gt;\u200975th percentile. Among participants eligible for statin therapy based on the 2013 atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) guidelines (ASCVD risk of &gt;5%), 739\/2906 (25%) had no CAC and CIMT\u2009\u2264\u200975th percentile and an observed ischemic stroke\/transient ischemic attack rate of 2.49 per 1000 person-years. The predicted 10-year number needed to treat was 292 for no CAC and CIMT\u2009\u2264\u200975th percentile and 57 for CAC\u2009&gt;\u2009100 and CIMT\u2009&gt;\u200975th percentile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combination of CIMT and CAC could serve to further refine risk calculation for ischemic stroke\/transient ischemic attack prevention and may prioritize those in most need of statin therapy to reduce ischemic stroke\/transient ischemic attack risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318798058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T10:54:18Z","timestamp":1536144858000},"page":"1980-1987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Coronary artery calcium and carotid artery intima-media thickness for the prediction of stroke and benefit from statins"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Osawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LA Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Esther Perez","family":"Trejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rine","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LA Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn L","family":"McClelland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Blaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Blankstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W","family":"McEvoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indre","family":"Ceponiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LA Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph L","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph F","family":"Polak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J","family":"Budoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LA Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, 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