{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T06:04:41Z","timestamp":1773813881736,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Prev Cardiolog"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comprehensive control of multiple cardiovascular risk factors reduces cardiovascular risk but is difficult to achieve.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multinational, cross-sectional, observational study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The International ChoLesterol management Practice Study (ICLPS) investigated achievement of European Society of Cardiology (ESC)\/European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) guideline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets in patients receiving lipid-modifying therapy in countries outside Western Europe. We examined the rate of, and association between, control of multiple risk factors in ICLPS participants with dyslipidaemia, diabetes and hypertension (N\u2009=\u20092377).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean (standard deviation) age of patients was 61.4 (10.4) years; 51.3% were male. Type 2 diabetes was the most common form of diabetes (prevalence, 96.9%). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 67.8%, obesity 40.4%, atherosclerotic disease 39.6% and coronary artery disease 33.5%. All patients were at high (38.2%) or very high (61.8%) cardiovascular risk according to ESC\/EAS guidelines. Body mass index (BMI) was &lt;25 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>in 20.3% of patients, 62.8% had never smoked and 25.2% were former smokers. Overall, 12.2% achieved simultaneous control of LDL-C, diabetes and blood pressure. Risk factor control was similar across all participating countries. The proportion of patients achieving individual guideline-specified treatment targets was 43.9% for LDL-C, 55.5% for blood pressure and 39.3% for diabetes. Multiple correspondence analysis indicated that control of LDL-C, control of blood pressure, control of diabetes, BMI and smoking were associated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comprehensive control of multiple cardiovascular risk factors in high-risk patients is suboptimal worldwide. Failure to control one risk factor is associated with poor control of other risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319871735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T07:00:52Z","timestamp":1568876452000},"page":"1403-1411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The challenge of multiple cardiovascular risk factor control outside Western Europe: Findings from the International ChoLesterol management Practice Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Dirk J","family":"Blom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raul D","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital and Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, 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