{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:20:28Z","timestamp":1789586428789,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]],"date-time":"2020-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]],"date-time":"2020-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585094400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background\/ aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is well known that patients with chronic heart failure and hypokalaemia have increased mortality risk. We investigated the impact of normalising serum potassium following an episode of hypokalaemia on short-term mortality among patients with chronic heart failure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified 1673 patients diagnosed with chronic heart failure who had a serum potassium measurement under 3.5\u2009mmol\/l within 14 days and one year after initiated medical treatment with both loop diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-II receptor blockers. A second serum potassium measurement was required 8\u201330 days after the episode of hypokalaemia. All-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality was examined within 90 days from the second serum potassium measurement. Mortality was examined according to six predefined potassium groups derived from the second measurement:&amp;lt;3.5\u2009mmol\/l (n\u2009=\u2009302), 3.5\u20133.7\u2009mmol\/l (n\u2009=\u2009271), 3.8\u20134.1\u2009mmol\/l (n\u2009=\u2009464), 4.2\u20134.4\u2009mmol\/l (n\u2009=\u2009270), 4.5\u20135.0\u2009mmol\/l (n\u2009=\u2009272), and 5.1\u20138.0\u2009mmol\/l (n\u2009=\u200994). We used Cox regression to estimate both all-cause mortality risk and cardiovascular mortality, with serum potassium at 3.8\u20134.1\u2009mmol\/l as reference. After 90 days, the all-cause mortality in the six groups was 29.5%, 22.1%, 20.3%, 24.8%, 23.5% and 43.6%, respectively. In multivariable adjusted analysis, patients with serum potassium &amp;lt;3.5\u2009mmol\/l (hazard ratio: 1.51; 95% confidence interval: 1.13\u20132.02) and serum potassium 5.1\u20138.0\u2009mmol\/l (hazard ratio: 2.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.50\u20133.17) had an increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to the reference. After 90 days, the cardiovascular mortality in the six groups was 19.2%, 17.7%, 14.4%, 18.9%, 18.8% and 34.0%, respectively. In multivariable adjusted analysis, patients with serum potassium 5.1\u20138.0\u2009mmol\/l (hazard ratio: 2.32; 95% confidence interval: 1.51\u20133.56) had an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality compared to the reference, while serum potassium &amp;lt;3.5\u2009mmol\/l (hazard ratio: 1.37; 95% confidence interval: 0.97\u20131.95) had a trend toward increased risk of cardiovascular mortality compared to the reference.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with chronic heart failure and hypokalaemia, who after 8\u201330 days remained hypokalaemic, had a significantly higher 90-day all-cause mortality risk compared to patients in the reference group (3.8\u20134.1\u2009mmol\/l). Patients with chronic heart failure and hypokalaemia, who after 8\u201330 days had the serum potassium level increased to a level within 5.1\u20138.0\u2009mmol\/l, had both a significantly higher 90-day all-cause mortality risk and cardiovascular mortality risk compared to patients in the reference group (3.8\u20134.1\u2009mmol\/l).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487320911154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T04:05:33Z","timestamp":1585195533000},"page":"316-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Short-term prognosis of normalising serum potassium following an episode of hypokalaemia in patients with chronic heart failure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mette","family":"Aldahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoffer","family":"Polcwiartek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Line","family":"Davidsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Kragholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"S\u00f8gaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Torp-Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L","family":"Krogager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, 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