{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:58:27Z","timestamp":1793048307489,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conflicting evidence is available on the efficacy and safety of early intravenous beta-blockers before primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We performed a patient-pooled meta-analysis of trials comparing early intravenous beta-blockers with placebo or routine care in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and safety outcomes of intravenous beta-blockers in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four randomized trials with a total of 1150 patients were included. The main outcome was one-year death or myocardial infarction. Secondary outcomes included biomarker-based infarct size, left ventricular ejection fraction during follow-up, ventricular tachycardia, and a composite safety outcome (cardiogenic shock, symptomatic bradycardia, or hypotension) during hospitalization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>One-year death or myocardial infarction was similar among beta-blocker (4.2%) and control patients (4.4%) (hazard ratio: 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.53\u20131.75, p=0.90, I2=0%). No difference was observed in biomarker-based infarct size. One-month left ventricular ejection fraction was similar, but left ventricular ejection fraction at six months was significantly higher in patients treated with early intravenous beta-blockade (52.8% versus 50.0% in the control group, p=0.03). No difference was observed in the composite safety outcome or ventricular tachycardia during hospitalization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, the administration of early intravenous beta-blockers was safe. However, there was no difference in the main outcome of one-year death or myocardial infarction with early intravenous beta-blockers. A larger clinical trial is warranted to confirm the definitive efficacy of early intravenous beta-blockers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872619830609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T16:30:40Z","timestamp":1550161840000},"page":"469-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A patient-pooled meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Niels PG","family":"Hoedemaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center , University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Roolvink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center , Isala Hospital, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robbert J","family":"de Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center , University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"van Royen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology , Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Fuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA"},{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M","family":"Garc\u00eda-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) , Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fikret","family":"Er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Electrophysiology , Klinikum G\u00fctersloh, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natig","family":"Gassanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Electrophysiology , Klinikum G\u00fctersloh, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Hanada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology , Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Okumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology , Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular Center, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borja","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) , Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) , Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department , IIS-Fundacion Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz University Hospital, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnoud W","family":"van \u2019t 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