{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:53:58Z","timestamp":1790272438433,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although the lungs are potentially highly susceptible to post-cardiac arrest syndrome injury, the issue of acute respiratory failure after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest has not been investigated. The objectives of this analysis were to determine the prevalence of acute respiratory failure after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, its association with post-cardiac arrest syndrome inflammatory response and to clarify its importance for early mortality.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome (PCAS) pilot study was a prospective, observational, six-centre project (Poland 2, Denmark 1, Spain 1, Italy 1, UK 1), studying patients resuscitated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of cardiac origin. Primary outcomes were: (a) the profile of organ failure within the first 72 hours after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; (b) in-hospital and short-term mortality, up to 30 days of follow-up. Respiratory failure was defined using a modified version of the Berlin acute respiratory distress syndrome definition. Inflammatory response was defined using leukocytes (white blood cells), platelet count and C-reactive protein concentration. All parameters were assessed every 24 hours, from admission until 72 hours of stay.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, 148 patients (age 62.9\u00b115.27 years; 27.7% women) were included. Acute respiratory failure was noted in between 50 (33.8%) and 75 (50.7%) patients over the first 72 hours. In-hospital and short-term mortality was 68 (46.9%) and 72 (48.6%), respectively. Inflammation was significantly associated with the risk of acute respiratory failure, with the highest cumulative odds ratio of 748 at 72 hours (C-reactive protein 1.035 (1.001\u20131.070); 0.043, white blood cells 1.086 (1.039\u20131.136); 0.001, platelets 1.004 (1.001\u20131.007); &amp;lt;0.005). Early acute respiratory failure was related to in-hospital mortality (3.172, 95% confidence interval 1.496\u20136.725; 0.002) and to short-term mortality (3.335 (1.815\u20136.129); 0.0001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An inflammatory response is significantly associated with acute respiratory failure early after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Acute respiratory failure is associated with a worse early prognosis after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872619895126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T17:54:27Z","timestamp":1580493267000},"page":"S110-S121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Acute respiratory failure and inflammatory response after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: results of the Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome (PCAS) pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Czerwi\u0144ska-Jelonkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"American Heart of Poland Inc. Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Grand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Tavazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pavia, Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Sans-Rosello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Acute Cardiovascular Care Unit, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glenfield Hospital, Cardiology Department, Leicester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Oleksiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiology, Department of Intensive Cardiac Therapy, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Buszman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Heart of Poland Inc. Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Krysi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Heart of Poland Inc. Center for Cardiovascular Research and Development, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sionis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Acute Cardiovascular Care Unit, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Hassager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janina","family":"St\u0119pi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiology, Department of Intensive Cardiac Therapy, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr1-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-4051-3","article-title":"European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine 2015 guidelines for post-resuscitation care. 2015","volume":"41","author":"Nolan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr2-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971002","article-title":"Part 9: Post-cardiac arrest care: 2010 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care","volume":"122","author":"Peberdy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr3-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000262","article-title":"Part 8: 2015 American Heart Association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care","volume":"3","author":"Callaway","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr4-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872617694675","article-title":"Factors modifying performance of a novel citizen text message alert system in improving survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"7","author":"Pijls","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr5-2048872619895126","first-page":"3","article-title":"Editor\u2019s choice \u2013 Progress in the chain of survival and its impact on outcomes of patients admitted to a specialized high-volume cardiac arrest center during the past two decades","volume":"5","author":"Sulzgruber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J: Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr6-2048872619895126","first-page":"512","article-title":"Editor\u2019s choice \u2013 Extracorporeal life support for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: part of a treatment bundle","volume":"5","author":"Lazzeri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J: Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr7-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/2110-5820-1-45","article-title":"Postcardiac arrest syndrome: from immediate resuscitation to long-term outcome","volume":"1","author":"Mongardon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intens Care"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr8-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000023891.80661.AD","article-title":"Successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest as a \u201csepsis-like\u201d syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Adrie Adib-Conquy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr9-2048872619895126","first-page":"619","article-title":"The role of the immuno-inflammatory response in patients after cardiac arrest","volume":"7","author":"Samborska-Sablik","year":"2011","journal-title":"AMS"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr10-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.08.007","article-title":"The inflammatory response after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is not modified by target temperature management at 33 degrees C or 36 degrees C","volume":"85","author":"Bro-Jeppesen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr11-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2005.06.009","article-title":"Trends in lung pH and pO2 after circulatory arrest: implications for non-heart-beating donors and cell culture models of lung ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury","volume":"24","author":"Koukoulis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr12-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.07.016","article-title":"Endotoxemia induces lung-brain coupling and multi-organ injury following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"297","author":"Mai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr13-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2005.06.005","article-title":"Recommended guidelines for reviewing, reporting, and conducting research on post-resuscitation care: the Utstein style","volume":"66","author":"Langhelle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr14-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.14.1754","article-title":"Serial evaluation of the SOFA score to predict outcome in critically ill patients","volume":"286","author":"Ferriera","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr15-2048872619895126","first-page":"2526","article-title":"The ARDS Definition Task Force. Acute respiratory distress syndrome the Berlin definition","volume":"307","author":"Ranjeri","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr16-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13911","article-title":"Inflammation and thrombosis: roles of neutrophils, platelets and endothelial cells and their interactions in thrombus formation during sepsis","volume":"16","author":"Iba","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr17-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1607432","article-title":"Platelets as Modulators of Inflammation","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semi Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021020117062959600_bibr18-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14480","article-title":"Disseminated intravascular coagulation in cardiac arrest and resuscitation","volume":"17","author":"Gando","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr19-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-016-0116-y","article-title":"Disseminated intravascular coagulation with the fibrinolytic phenotype predicts the outcome of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"14","author":"Wada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thromb J"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr20-2048872619895126","volume-title":"Pneumonia (Ventilator-associated [VAP] and non-ventilator-associated pneumonia [PNEU]) event","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2019"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr21-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31828a39e9","article-title":"Multiple organ dysfunction after return of spontaneous circulation in postcardiac arrest syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr22-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0922-9","article-title":"Management of mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac arrest","volume":"19","author":"Sutherasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr23-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.08.036","article-title":"Admission interleukin-6 is asscoated with post resuscitation organ dysfunction and predicts long-term neurological outcome after out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation","volume":"85","author":"Vaahersalo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr24-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1159\/000347132","article-title":"Damages-associated molecular patterns control neutrophil recruitment","volume":"5","author":"Pitman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr25-2048872619895126","first-page":"36","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin-induced neutrophil apoptosis in the lung during murine endotoxemia","volume":"15","author":"Aoyama-Ishikawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Intervent"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr26-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63600-3.00003-9","article-title":"Neuropulmonology","volume":"140","author":"Balofsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Handbook Clin Neurol"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr27-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-009-9242-8","article-title":"Acute lung injury in patients with severe brain injury: a double hit model","volume":"11","author":"Mascia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr28-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2012.02720.x","article-title":"Acute lung injury results from failure of neutrophil de-priming: a new hypothesis","volume":"42","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr29-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182120b56","article-title":"Infectious complications in out-of hospital cardiac arrest patients in the therapeutic hypothermia era","volume":"39","author":"Mongardon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr30-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48s","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00420803","article-title":"Pulmonary and extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome are different","volume":"22","author":"Pelosi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2021020117062959600_bibr31-2048872619895126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00578-X","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"388","author":"Sweeney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["European Heart Journal. Acute Cardiovascular Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2048872619895126","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2048872619895126","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjacc\/article-pdf\/9\/4_suppl\/S110\/36165858\/ehjaccs110.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjacc\/article-pdf\/9\/4_suppl\/S110\/36165858\/ehjaccs110.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:19:47Z","timestamp":1618877987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjacc\/article\/9\/4_suppl\/S110-S121\/6125590"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4_suppl","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2048872619895126","relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-8734","2048-8726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-8734","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2048-8726","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]}}}