{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:32:13Z","timestamp":1791502333202,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]],"date-time":"2014-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Qualitative methods provide us with techniques to access the pain experience of patients in ways that provide explanation for apparent contradictions and idiosyncrasies that are difficult to access. In this article, I review three such strategies and the application of qualitative research to practice: (1) the analysis of the ways participants speak about agonizing pain using narrative inquiry, (2) comparisons of childbirth pain in two cultural groups using ethnography and (3) present a qualitative theory, the Praxis Theory of Suffering. This theory provides a theoretical explanation for behaviours that presently confound the understanding of distress using the Distress Thermometer. An alternative approach, \u2018reading\u2019 patients\u2019 behavioural manifestations of distress, is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463714550507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T02:43:03Z","timestamp":1411699383000},"page":"26-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Using qualitative methods to access the pain experience"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Janice M","family":"Morse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2010.08.016"},{"key":"bibr2-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2011.10.002"},{"key":"bibr3-2049463714550507","volume-title":"Readme first for a students guide to qualitative research","author":"Richards L","year":"2012","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr4-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732311400628"},{"key":"bibr5-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305284026"},{"key":"bibr6-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(97)00301-2"},{"key":"bibr7-2049463714550507","first-page":"311","volume-title":"Ethnography, vol. 1: Springer series on qualitative nursing research","author":"de Chesnay M","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr8-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01459740.1989.9966010"},{"key":"bibr9-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1188\/14.ONF.350-359"},{"key":"bibr10-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732314523841"},{"key":"bibr11-2049463714550507","volume-title":"People in pain","author":"Zborowski M","year":"1969"},{"key":"bibr12-2049463714550507","volume-title":"Psychometric theory","author":"Nunnally JC","year":"1978","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr13-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022188192008"},{"key":"bibr14-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770110306"},{"key":"bibr15-2049463714550507","volume-title":"Analyzing and constructing the conceptual and theoretical foundations of nursing","author":"Morse JM"},{"key":"bibr16-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00012272-200109000-00007"},{"key":"bibr17-2049463714550507","first-page":"569","volume-title":"Philosophies and theories in advanced nursing practice","author":"Morse JM","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr18-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289.2012.731440"},{"key":"bibr19-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1135"},{"key":"bibr20-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2003.01119.x"},{"key":"bibr21-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-009-0593-7"},{"key":"bibr22-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327027hc1803_1"},{"key":"bibr23-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.46.1.19"},{"key":"bibr24-2049463714550507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732303256401"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2049463714550507","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2049463714550507","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2049463714550507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:18:17Z","timestamp":1777382297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2049463714550507"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2049463714550507"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2049463714550507","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-4637","2049-4645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-4637","type":"print"},{"value":"2049-4645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,25]]}}}