{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:54:00Z","timestamp":1777463640471,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]],"date-time":"2018-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526601600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies estimate that 20% of adults suffer from chronic pain. A meta-analysis in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) found 34% had chronic pain. There are few studies on pain prevalence gathered in Africa. This study surveyed the capital city of Mozambique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study employed in a community setting. The Vanderbilt Global Pain Survey comprised questions on the behaviour and attitudes of respondents regarding pain, including previously validated metrics: the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, the Brief Pain Inventory, Widespread Pain Index and Symptom Severity Score, and the Michigan Body Map.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-seven surveys were completed out of 100. Pain every day lasting for more than 6\u2009months in their lifetime was reported as 39.2% (CI: 29.4\u201349.6), and 52% of respondents had pain the day of the interview. However, the pain resulted in little difficulty with activities of daily living and maintaining relationships (61%\u201389%). Although none reported mental health disorders, 53.6% had experienced a traumatic event in their life, with 45.2% having related nightmares, anxiety, or fear. Most respondents (99%) would take oral medication if it helped their pain, with a large proportion willing to spend significant money for these (49% would pay &gt;US$40) and willing to travel long distances to get help (55.2% would travel &gt;40 kilometer).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of chronic pain in Maputo, Mozambique is similar to the average for LMICs. Trends in high-income countries suggest that multimodal pain management and multidisciplinary treatments may improve optimal pain control in LMICs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463718777009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]],"date-time":"2018-05-18T04:25:08Z","timestamp":1526617508000},"page":"43-53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Chronic pain and associated factors in Maputo, Mozambique: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7131-3088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila B","family":"Walters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Schwalbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esperan\u00e7a","family":"Sevene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Girish","family":"Hiremath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Troy D","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KA Kelly","family":"McQueen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2010.545813"},{"key":"bibr2-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.06.009"},{"key":"bibr3-2049463718777009","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health, United States, 2006. Special feature on pain, http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/hus\/hus06.pdf (November 2006, accessed 2 June 2017)."},{"key":"bibr4-2049463718777009","unstructured":"International Association for the Study of Pain. Unrelieved pain is a major global healthcare problem, https:\/\/www.iasp-pain.org\/files\/Content\/ContentFolders\/GlobalYearAgainstPain2\/20042005RighttoPainRelief\/factsheet.pdf (2012, accessed 2 June 2017)."},{"key":"bibr5-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001389"},{"key":"bibr6-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.05.005"},{"key":"bibr7-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.2.147"},{"key":"bibr8-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000268145.52345.55"},{"key":"bibr9-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev449"},{"key":"bibr10-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2009.01.005"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr11-2049463718777009","first-page":"22","volume":"11","author":"Walters M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Pain Lett"},{"key":"bibr12-2049463718777009","volume-title":"Briefing note: access to controlled medications programme","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr13-2049463718777009","unstructured":"International Association for the Study of Pain. Declaration of Montr\u00e9al, declaration that access to pain management is a fundamental human right, http:\/\/www.iasp-pain.org\/DeclarationofMontreal?navItemNumber=582 (2010, accessed 11 March 2016)."},{"key":"bibr14-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-8"},{"key":"bibr15-2049463718777009","volume-title":"Narcotic drugs: estimated world requirements for 2013","author":"International Narcotics Control Board","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr16-2049463718777009","unstructured":"Harding R, Powell RA, Kiyange F, et al. Pain relieving drugs in 12 African PEPFAR countries: mapping current providers, identifying current challenges and enabling expansion of pain control provision in the management of HIV\/AIDS, http:\/\/www.pacificcancer.org\/pacp-resources\/palliative-care-cancer-survivorship\/pain-relieving-drugs-12-african-pepfar-countries.pdf (2007, accessed 2 June 2017)."},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr17-2049463718777009","first-page":"315","volume":"11","author":"Sokolo Gedikondele J","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"bibr18-2049463718777009","volume-title":"The world factbook","author":"Central Intelligence Agency","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr19-2049463718777009","unstructured":"Mozambique National Institute of Statistics, www.ine.gov.mz (2016, accessed 11 March 2016)."},{"key":"bibr20-2049463718777009","volume-title":"Human development report 2016","author":"Jahan S"},{"key":"bibr21-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-004-0683-7"},{"key":"bibr22-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-00132012000300006"},{"key":"bibr23-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-12902009000400002"},{"key":"bibr24-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01429.x"},{"key":"bibr25-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12544"},{"key":"bibr26-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.06.021"},{"key":"bibr27-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002360"},{"key":"bibr28-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.665"},{"key":"bibr29-2049463718777009","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO disability assessment, www.who.int\/classifications\/icf\/whodasii\/en\/ (accessed 2 June 2017)."},{"key":"bibr30-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cleeland C. Brief Pain Inventory, www.npcrc.org\/files\/news\/briefpain_short.pdf (1991, accessed 2 June 2017).","DOI":"10.1037\/t04175-000"},{"key":"bibr31-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20140"},{"key":"bibr32-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000506"},{"key":"bibr33-2049463718777009","volume-title":"Indicadores S\u00f3cio Demogr\u00e1ficos Maputo Cidade","author":"Intituto Nacional de Estatistica","year":"2007"},{"issue":"67","key":"bibr34-2049463718777009","first-page":"175","author":"Mendes A.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Finisterra"},{"key":"bibr35-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137380173"},{"key":"bibr36-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr37-2049463718777009","first-page":"6","volume":"9","author":"Bhattarai B","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nepal Med Coll J"},{"key":"bibr38-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146513501518"},{"key":"bibr39-2049463718777009","volume-title":"Children of Mozambique: the cost of survival","author":"Boothby N","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr40-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000228505.36302.a3"},{"key":"bibr41-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40211-014-0122-x"},{"key":"bibr42-2049463718777009","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Mozambique factsheets of health statistics 2016, www.aho.afro.who.int\/profiles_information\/images\/c\/c8\/Mozambique-Statistical_Factsheet.pdf (2016, accessed 2 June 2017)."},{"key":"bibr43-2049463718777009","volume-title":"Mortalidade em Mocambique. Inqu\u00e9rito de causas de morte (INCAM) 2007\u20132008","author":"Instituto Nacional de Estatistica","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr44-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2012.736608"},{"key":"bibr45-2049463718777009","unstructured":"Mo\u00e7ambique Inqu\u00e9rito Demogr\u00e1fico e de Sa\u00fade 2011. Demographic and health surveys, http:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/publications\/publication-FR266-DHS-Final-Reports.cfm (2011, accessed 2 June 2017)."},{"key":"bibr46-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(96)03038-2"},{"key":"bibr47-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2009.00723.x"},{"key":"bibr48-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00483-8"},{"key":"bibr49-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-015-0032-8"},{"key":"bibr50-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181c43103"},{"key":"bibr51-2049463718777009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2006.09.033"},{"key":"bibr52-2049463718777009","unstructured":"Kiyange F. A pain unit with insufficient medicines for pain: the pain of health professionals in Mozambique. eHospice, http:\/\/www.ehospice.com\/africa\/Default\/tabid\/10701\/ArticleId\/14462 (23 March 2015, accessed 2 June 2017)."}],"container-title":["British Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2049463718777009","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2049463718777009","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2049463718777009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:21:07Z","timestamp":1777382467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2049463718777009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2049463718777009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2049463718777009","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-4637","2049-4645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-4637","type":"print"},{"value":"2049-4645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]]}}}