{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:55:10Z","timestamp":1777463710937,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571270400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nurses are the main administrators of opioids in hospitals and enjoy some autonomy when using them to manage pain. Nevertheless evidence suggests they exercise this freedom restrictively with the reasons for this self-limitation remaining unclear. Nurses are influenced by personal and professional values and by patients\u2019 attributes. Intoxicated patients pose a particular challenge. This study therefore investigated whether cautious attitudes towards opioids were aggravated in intoxicated patients and influenced by personal values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A two-version questionnaire was developed. Each presented a case vignette describing a patient in acute pain who was either intoxicated or not intoxicated. Questionnaires contained identical case statements inquiring about concerns regarding opioids, preferred analgesics and statements about opioids and personal values. They were distributed prospectively in a cross-sectional, multi-centre design. Equal distribution of both questionnaires was achieved through randomization of wards. Regression analysis was employed to determine predictors for responses to the case statements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, n\u2009=\u2009374 (26%) nurses returned questionnaires, 85% were female, 39% worked in surgery and 64% had &gt;10\u2009years experience. A total of 78% were concerned using opioids in the intoxicated patient and 70% preferred non-opioids instead. Most nurses agreed familiarity with an opioid gives them more confidence and they were more concerned in patients with a history of drug abuse. They neither associated opioids with helping patients to die nor with drug abuse. The majority endorsed value statements representing \u2018universalism\u2019, \u2018hedonism\u2019 and \u2018benevolence\u2019 while disagreeing with \u2018power\u2019 and \u2018stimulation\u2019. Nurses concerns were predicted by values indicating \u2018conformity\u2019 and \u2018achievement\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nurses were concerned giving opioids to intoxicated patients and preferred non-opioids instead. These concerns were predicted by personal values representing \u2018Conservation\u2019 (\u2018conformity\u2019) and \u2018Self-Enhancement\u2019 (\u2018achievement\u2019). Therefore, stigmatizing mental models likely contribute to nurses\u2019 reluctance to use opioids. Interestingly, personal ambition might protect nurses from discriminatory thoughts and practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463719880333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T09:34:06Z","timestamp":1571304846000},"page":"40-53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The influence of personal values and patient intoxication on nurses concerns about opioids: results of a prospective cross-sectional multi-centre study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Antje","family":"Heckroth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany"},{"name":"Hanse Institut Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Pludra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Johannssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany"},{"name":"Hanse Institut Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Guest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frauke","family":"Wiedermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanse Institut Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1165-8081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Bantel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 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