{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:47:05Z","timestamp":1787500025426,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The objective of this review is to investigate the use of the subcutaneous route of administration of analgesics, common practice within palliative medicine.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Systematic review using consensus approach, direct comparison of subcutaneous route with intravenous and intramuscular routes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The limited available evidence demonstrates non-inferiority of the subcutaneous route in both cancer patients and those post-surgery. Pain management is comparable to other routes. Route-related side effects are rare and systemic side effects are comparable.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Pain management is a critical role of palliative medicine. The subcutaneous route of administration offers a viable option for the delivery of parenteral analgesia within all settings, including the community. This review supports current practice, demonstrating equivalence with more invasive routes of administration.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20494637221135835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T14:57:26Z","timestamp":1669388246000},"page":"152-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A systematic review of subcutaneous versus intramuscular or intravenous routes of opioid administration on pain outcomes in cancer and post-surgical clinical populations \u2013 challenging current assumptions in palliative care practice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6803-7473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorna","family":"Fairbairn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Schuberth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Deacon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waitemata District Health Board, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9304-8457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazel","family":"Gilkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirkwood and Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Pinderfields Hospital, Wakefield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael I","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6357-3848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew R","family":"Mulvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20494637221135835","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Palliative care 2020. Accessed 24th September 2021. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/palliative-care."},{"key":"bibr2-20494637221135835","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Palliative care for adults: strong opioids for pain relief. Clinical guideline CG140, 2012."},{"key":"bibr3-20494637221135835","unstructured":"Wilcock A, Howard P, Charlesworth S. Continuous subcutaneous drug infusions. Palliative care formulary. 7th ed. 2020."},{"issue":"14","key":"bibr4-20494637221135835","first-page":"19","volume":"111","author":"Sisay MJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nurs Times"},{"key":"bibr5-20494637221135835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095925981500012X"},{"key":"bibr6-20494637221135835","unstructured":"Wilcock A, Howard P, Charlesworth S (eds) Appendix 2: opioid dose conversion ratios. Palliative Care Formulary. 7th ed. 2020."},{"key":"bibr7-20494637221135835","unstructured":"Tufanaru C, Munn Z, Aromataris E, et al. Chapter 3: systematic reviews of effectiveness. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z (eds) Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer\u2019s Manual 2017. Adelaide, Australia: The Joanna Briggs Institute."},{"key":"bibr8-20494637221135835","unstructured":"Moola S, Munn Z, Tufanaru C, et al. Chapter 7: systematic reviews of aetiology and risk. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z (eds).Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer\u2019s Manual 2017. Adelaide, Australia: The Joanna Briggs Institute."},{"key":"bibr9-20494637221135835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199807000-00004"},{"key":"bibr10-20494637221135835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acpain.2007.08.023"},{"key":"bibr11-20494637221135835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2005.8.743"},{"key":"bibr12-20494637221135835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(96)00329-6"},{"key":"bibr13-20494637221135835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2058739218774204"},{"key":"bibr14-20494637221135835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/J354v19n01_06"},{"key":"bibr15-20494637221135835","first-page":"63","volume":"2","author":"Lepage-Savary D","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"bibr16-20494637221135835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9602400512"},{"key":"bibr17-20494637221135835","first-page":"1086","volume":"40","author":"Goudie TA","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20494637221135835","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20494637221135835","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20494637221135835","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:21:44Z","timestamp":1777382504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20494637221135835"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20494637221135835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20494637221135835","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-4637","2049-4645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-4637","type":"print"},{"value":"2049-4645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]}}}