{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:43:31Z","timestamp":1788385411691,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012345","name":"Forces in Mind Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FiMT15\/0624UL\/NIMH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FiMT15\/0624UL\/NIMH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic pain is common and associated with disruptions in quality of life (QoL) and psychosocial functioning. These issues are particularly pronounced in veterans, although data in this regard primarily come from the United States Veterans Affairs System, meaning less is known regarding veterans of other countries and regions. The present study evaluated veterans living in Northern Ireland (NI), a region with historic high rates of both chronic pain and psychosocial difficulties associated with the decades-long period of civil and military conflict preceding the 1999 armistice (the Good Friday Agreement). Unique to the Northern Ireland military operation was the initiation of Home Service battalions comprised of local recruits, a role with increased risk due to the conflict\u2019s nature and the fact that they were serving as a military and security presence in their home region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional assessment of veterans living in Northern Ireland ( N = 722) provided details of service type (Home Service vs other service), current health conditions (including chronic pain), and current psychosocial functioning (including physical and mental health QoL, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings indicated that those with chronic pain had worse QoL, anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Those with chronic pain were also more likely to have served in the Home Services, be unemployed, and be receiving disability payment. Contrary to hypotheses, there was no interaction between chronic pain and service type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results extend previous work with veterans to the unique circumstances of a post-conflict military that engaged in operations within its own country and underscore the need for coordinated, efficacious interventions for co-morbid chronic pain and anxiety, depression, and PTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20494637241291954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T18:22:08Z","timestamp":1728670928000},"page":"6-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Veterans in Northern Ireland: Evaluation of chronic pain experience, service type, and physical and mental health functioning"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4255-9067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin E","family":"Vowles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Pain Rehabilitation, Belfast Health and Social Care NHS Trust, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Stress, Trauma, & Related Conditions (STARC), School of Psychology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ch\u00e9rie","family":"Armour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Stress, Trauma, & Related Conditions (STARC), School of Psychology, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usaa052"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr2-20494637241291954","first-page":"152","volume":"12","author":"Van Den Kerkhof EG","year":"2014","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"key":"bibr3-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.10.021"},{"key":"bibr4-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jmvfh-2022-0030"},{"key":"bibr5-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jmvfh.2018-0051"},{"key":"bibr6-20494637241291954","first-page":"pnad068","volume":"23","author":"Taub C","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"bibr7-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.02.019"},{"key":"bibr8-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106907"},{"key":"bibr9-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.02.012"},{"key":"bibr10-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2009.01.0006"},{"key":"bibr11-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.039"},{"key":"bibr12-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.05.025"},{"key":"bibr13-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463713482082"},{"key":"bibr14-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463719878753"},{"key":"bibr15-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028189"},{"key":"bibr16-20494637241291954","volume-title":"Operation banner 1969-2007","author":"Oliver M","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr17-20494637241291954","volume-title":"Supporting & serving military veterans in Northern Ireland","author":"Armour C","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr18-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2017.1308467"},{"key":"bibr19-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejtd.2022.100267"},{"key":"bibr20-20494637241291954","volume-title":"The health and wellbeing of armed forces veterans in Northern Ireland: the results of a cross-sectional psychological wellbeing survey [Internet]","author":"Armour C","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr21-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004479-200107000-00011"},{"key":"bibr22-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"bibr23-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-008-9418-2"},{"key":"bibr24-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"bibr25-20494637241291954","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"bibr26-20494637241291954","unstructured":"Weathers FW, Litz BT, Keane TM, et al. 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