{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:17:11Z","timestamp":1783131431098,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739232000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Psychedelic substances have shown preliminary efficacy for several neuropsychiatric disorders and are currently being investigated for chronic pain conditions. However, few studies have investigated outcomes of naturalistic psychedelic use among individuals with chronic pain, and none have assessed psychedelic-related changes in substance use patterns in this population. In a cross-sectional survey of adults who reported using psychedelics to self-treat a chronic pain condition (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 466; 46.1% women), we investigated changed substance use patterns and self-reported outcomes on physical and mental health following use of a psychedelic. Most (86.3%;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 391\/453) indicated that they ceased or decreased use of one or more non-psychedelic substances \u201cas a result of\u201d psychedelic use, and 21.2% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 83\/391) indicated that the decrease in use persisted for more than 26 weeks after psychedelic use. Alcohol (71.1%;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 226\/318) and prescription opioids (64.1%;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 100\/156) had the highest proportions for ceased\/decreased use. Illicit opioids (27.8%;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 22\/79) and cannabis (21.5%;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 78\/362) had the highest proportions for increased\/initiated use. In multivariate regression modeling, having a motivation to reduce one\u2019s substance use was positively associated with ceasing\/decreasing substance use (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .001). Perceptions of health outcomes following psychedelic use were broadly positive, and psilocybin was reported to be the most effective substance for both physical and mental health symptoms. Although limited by a cross-sectional study design, findings from this large sample merit future investigation into the benefits and risks of naturalistic psychedelic use among individuals with chronic pain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20494637251319497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T04:09:23Z","timestamp":1739246963000},"page":"187-199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Psychedelics and chronic pain: self-reported outcomes on changed substance use patterns and health following naturalistic psychedelic use"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6952-131X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas G","family":"Glynos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology Department, University of MichiganMedical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of MichiganMedical School, Ann Abor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology Department, University of MichiganMedical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of MichiganMedical School, Ann Abor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob S","family":"Aday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology Department, University of MichiganMedical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of MichiganMedical School, Ann Abor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kruger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin F","family":"Boehnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology Department, University of MichiganMedical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of MichiganMedical School, Ann Abor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1948-3842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Psychedelic Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19010035"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01177-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01666-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2358-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00194"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675513"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271926"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00256"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4701-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000447"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13203"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004673"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2022.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00393-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-101273"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2021.2022817"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20494637221114962"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.2171"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1349565"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10110826"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13491"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2003.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-006-0038-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490390210218"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/psymed.2023.0012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108717"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00277"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2016.1138226"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00897"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118754710"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.1c00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2024.2312980"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2022_365"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221101061"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.831092"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1199642"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2022.2108356"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2022.1618"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.2546"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20494637251319497","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20494637251319497","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20494637251319497","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:17:40Z","timestamp":1777382260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20494637251319497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20494637251319497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20494637251319497","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-4637","2049-4645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-4637","type":"print"},{"value":"2049-4645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]}}}