{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:32:14Z","timestamp":1777879934439,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Secondary peritonitis, following intestinal perforation, constitutes a significant proportion of cases admitted as a surgical emergency and has a mortality rate of 6\u201321% worldwide. As a part of an antimicrobial stewardship program, we noted considerable variation among the choice of empirical regimens among such cases. Hence, we conducted a prospective study to generate the evidence for a rational empiric regimen for patients with secondary peritonitis following intestinal perforation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included a complete follow up of 77 cases of secondary peritonitis admitted during a 12\u2009month period. The intraoperative fluid (peritoneal) sample of the patient was sent for culture and sensitivity pattern analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sites of perforation as seen in decreasing order were lower gastrointestinal (GI) (50.6%), upper GI (36.4%), and unclassified (13%). The most common organism found in the intraoperative fluid was Escherichia coli (47.9%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%). amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem were sensitive in 22 (out of 23 tested), 5 (out of 9), 13 (out of 13) and 22 (out of 22) isolates of E. coli and 3 (out of 6), 1 (out of 3), 4 (out of 6), 4 (out of 6) isolates of K. pneumoniae, respectively. The most common empirical antibiotic was cefoperazone-sulbactam (38.7%) followed by piperacillin-tazobactam (29.3%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on our prospective study, piperacillin-tazobactam or imipenem should be used empirically in patients presenting with complicated intra-abdominal infections secondary to perforated viscus, especially if they have sepsis or septic shock.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2049936119865796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T08:16:29Z","timestamp":1564560989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of organisms causing secondary abdominal infections in patients with perforated abdominal viscus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Praveen","family":"Kumar-M","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7053-003X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nusrat","family":"Shafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Room No. 4017, Research Block B, Chandigarh 160012, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naveen","family":"M.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pallab","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thakur","family":"Deen Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. R.","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gurpreet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2049936119865796","first-page":"1005","volume":"76","author":"Ramakrishnan K","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr2-2049936119865796","first-page":"9","volume":"43","author":"Ersumo T","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J"},{"key":"bibr3-2049936119865796","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4314\/wajm.v26i1.28300","volume":"26","author":"Oheneh-Yeboah M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"bibr4-2049936119865796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2006.09.006"},{"key":"bibr5-2049936119865796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/105492"},{"key":"bibr6-2049936119865796","first-page":"1956","volume":"50","author":"Uccheddu A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"bibr7-2049936119865796","first-page":"117","volume":"28","author":"Agarwal N","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop Gastroenterol"},{"key":"bibr8-2049936119865796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-1-25"},{"key":"bibr9-2049936119865796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724939992356"},{"key":"bibr10-2049936119865796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.60.706.523"},{"key":"bibr11-2049936119865796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199111000-00001"},{"key":"bibr12-2049936119865796","volume-title":"Program and abstracts of the 24th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","author":"Matlow A","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr13-2049936119865796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1989.01410110034006"},{"key":"bibr14-2049936119865796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1992.01420010097015"},{"key":"bibr15-2049936119865796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/649554"},{"key":"bibr16-2049936119865796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-016-0913-z"},{"key":"bibr17-2049936119865796","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2769-8"},{"key":"bibr18-2049936119865796","unstructured":"CLSI. 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