{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T17:07:45Z","timestamp":1781197665210,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Triazole resistance is an emerging problem in the management of human aspergillosis globally and can arise in Aspergillus species which have been exposed to azole fungicides in the environment. We surveyed local government and council development areas in Lagos, Nigeria, to determine the distribution of Aspergillus species in the environment and their susceptibility to locally available triazole antifungal agents. We also reviewed the literature on the subject from the rest of Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 168 soil samples from six locations in Lagos, Nigeria were processed and cultured on Saboraud dextrose agar impregnated with chloramphenicol to isolate Aspergillus species. Isolates were tested for susceptibility to itraconazole and voriconazole by microbroth dilution according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing reference method. Relevant databases were searched to identify published work pertaining to triazole susceptibility of Aspergillus species in Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 117 Aspergillus species were isolated. Aspergillus niger was the most frequently isolated species (42.7%). Other species isolated were Aspergillus flavus, 37 (31.6%), Aspergillus terreus, 20 (17.1%), Aspergillus fumigatus, 5 (4.3%) and Aspergillus nidulans, 5 (4.3%). All isolates were susceptible to itraconazole and voriconazole. The literature review showed documented evidence of triazole-resistant Aspergillus species from East and West Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found no triazole resistance in environmental isolates of Aspergillus in Lagos, Nigeria. Nevertheless, regular surveillance in clinical and environmental isolates is necessary in the light of findings from other African studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361211044330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T16:39:25Z","timestamp":1631464765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Triazole susceptibility of\n                    <i>Aspergillus<\/i>\n                    species: environmental survey in Lagos, Nigeria and review of the rest of Africa"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Cynthia Abosede","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8111-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iriagbonse Iyabo","family":"Osaigbovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita Okeoghene","family":"Oladele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20499361211044330","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Risk assessment on the impact of environmental usage of triazoles on the development and spread of resistance to medical triazoles in\n                      Aspergillus\n                      species. ECDC: Stockholm, 2013."},{"key":"bibr2-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01382"},{"key":"bibr3-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2020.35.54.21493"},{"key":"bibr4-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0060"},{"key":"bibr5-20499361211044330","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"Nwannadi IA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Internet J Epidemiol"},{"key":"bibr6-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AOT.890248"},{"key":"bibr7-20499361211044330","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/pdf\/threats-report\/2019-ar-threats-report-508.pdf (2019, accessed 14 July 2021)."},{"key":"bibr8-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.110226"},{"key":"bibr9-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw325"},{"key":"bibr10-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx144"},{"key":"bibr11-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70265-8"},{"key":"bibr12-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00231-09"},{"key":"bibr13-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052871"},{"key":"bibr14-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00692-10"},{"key":"bibr15-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.12.20747"},{"key":"bibr16-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00100-15"},{"key":"bibr17-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt397"},{"key":"bibr18-20499361211044330","first-page":"429","volume":"55","author":"Tangwattanachuleeporn M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"bibr19-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12089"},{"key":"bibr20-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.05.009"},{"key":"bibr21-20499361211044330","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics. Nigerian gross domestic product report. Quarter three. https:\/\/nigerianstat.gov.ng\/elibrary (2019, accessed 10 May 2019)."},{"key":"bibr22-20499361211044330","unstructured":"About Lagos. https:\/\/lagosstate.gov.ng\/about-lagos\/ (2017, accessed 20 June 2019)."},{"key":"bibr23-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.6957"},{"key":"bibr24-20499361211044330","unstructured":"Larone D. Medically important fungi: a guide to identification. 4th ed. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2000."},{"key":"bibr25-20499361211044330","unstructured":"Arendrup M, Hope W, Howard S. EUCAST definitive document E.Def 9.2 method for the determination of broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentrations of antifungal agents for conidia forming moulds. EUCAST, http:\/\/eucast.org\/astoffungi\/previous_versions_of_documents\/ (2014, accessed 5 May 2019)."},{"key":"bibr26-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku259"},{"key":"bibr27-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1796-4"},{"key":"bibr28-20499361211044330","first-page":"301","volume":"13","author":"Kemoi EK","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europ Sci J"},{"key":"bibr29-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7147938"},{"key":"bibr30-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2015.01.005"},{"key":"bibr31-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12655"},{"key":"bibr32-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052250"},{"key":"bibr33-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7040292"},{"key":"bibr34-20499361211044330","first-page":"61","volume":"2","author":"Kwanashie CN","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci J Microbiol"},{"key":"bibr35-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1981.tb01906.x"},{"key":"bibr36-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v16i1.19"},{"key":"bibr37-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-126"},{"key":"bibr38-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00004-17"},{"key":"bibr39-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031801"},{"key":"bibr40-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2201.150978"},{"key":"bibr41-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13044"},{"key":"bibr42-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780802247702"},{"key":"bibr43-20499361211044330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2015.08.001"},{"key":"bibr44-20499361211044330","first-page":"2","volume":"8","author":"Egwuenu A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J Conf Proc"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20499361211044330","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20499361211044330","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20499361211044330","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:58:19Z","timestamp":1777593499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20499361211044330"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20499361211044330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20499361211044330","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-9361","2049-937X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-9361","type":"print"},{"value":"2049-937X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"article-number":"20499361211044330"}}