{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:33:11Z","timestamp":1777879991644,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with substance use disorders admitted for severe bacterial infection are in a prime position to be screened for important co-infections. However, data suggest that standard screening for co-infections in this population during hospital admission can vary in frequency and type of testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective review of patients to evaluate screening for co-infections during admission, followed by a case\u2013control analysis to determine factors associated with lack of any screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 280 patients with 320 eligible admissions. Most were male and Caucasian with unstable housing. Only 67 (23.9%) patients had a primary-care provider. About 89% ( n\u2009=\u2009250) of our cohort were screened for one or more co-infection during their first admission with one patient never screened despite subsequent admissions. Of those screened, the greatest proportion was HIV (219, 81.4% of those without history of HIV), HCV (94, 79.7% of those without a prior positive HCV antibody), syphilis (206, 73.6%), gonorrhea, and chlamydia (47, 16.8%) with new positive tests identified in 60 (21.4%) people. Screening for all five co-infections was only completed in 15 (14.0%) of the 107 patients who had screening indications. Overall, a high proportion of those screened had a new positive test, including three cases of neurosyphilis, highlighting the importance of screening and treatment initiation. One patient was prescribed HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis at discharge and only 37 (34.6%) of those eligible were referred for HCV treatment or follow-up. In multivariable case\u2013control analysis, non-Medicaid insurance (OR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.2\u20136.6, p\u2009=\u20090.02), use of only 1 substance (OR 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3\u20136.5, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and no documented screening recommendations by the infectious disease team (OR 3.7, 95% CI: 1.5\u20138.8, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), were statistically significantly associated with lack of screening for any co-infection during hospital admission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data suggest additional interventions are needed to improve inpatient screening for co-infections in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361221132132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T02:25:44Z","timestamp":1666059944000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Screening for co-infections in patients with substance use disorders and severe bacterial infections"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3209-4489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara D.","family":"Varley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR 97239, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amber C.","family":"Streifel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradie","family":"Winders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University \u2013Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8192-8019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica K.","family":"Sikka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242165"},{"key":"bibr2-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa012"},{"key":"bibr3-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa008"},{"key":"bibr4-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.027"},{"key":"bibr5-20499361221132132","unstructured":"Oregon Health Authority. Increasing congenital syphilis in Oregon, 2021, https:\/\/www.oregon.gov\/oha\/PH\/DISEASESCONDITIONS\/HIVSTDVIRALHEPATITIS\/SEXUALLYTRANSMITTEDDISEASE\/Documents\/Increasing_Congenital_Syphilis_in_Oregon.pdf"},{"key":"bibr6-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.105779"},{"key":"bibr7-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa056"},{"key":"bibr8-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2140"},{"key":"bibr9-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419828138"},{"key":"bibr10-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1515195"},{"key":"bibr11-20499361221132132","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control Prevention. National overview sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2019, https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/statistics\/2019\/overview.htm#anchor_1606829809494 (2021, accessed 22 February 2022)."},{"key":"bibr12-20499361221132132","unstructured":"Multnomah County Health Department. HIV increases in 2019 among people who use drugs, https:\/\/www.multco.us\/multnomah-county\/news\/health-officials-alert-public-increase-hiv-infections-among-people-who-use (2019, accessed 22 February 2022)."},{"key":"bibr13-20499361221132132","unstructured":"Capizzi J, Leahy J, Skrypkar D, et al. HIV and Hepatitis C diagnoses among injection drug use related hospitalizations in Oregon, 2008\u20132018, https:\/\/opha.memberclicks.net\/assets\/HIV%20and%20Hepatitis%20C%20diagnoses%20among%20injection%20drug%20use%20related%20hospitalizations%20in%20Oregon.pdf (2020, 22 February 2022)."},{"key":"bibr14-20499361221132132","first-page":"626","volume":"104","author":"Maness DL","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr15-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6902a1"},{"key":"bibr16-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy585"},{"key":"bibr17-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301421"},{"key":"bibr18-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.02.26.21252551."},{"key":"bibr19-20499361221132132","volume":"5","author":"Khandor E","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Med"},{"key":"bibr20-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253923"},{"key":"bibr21-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1479-x"},{"key":"bibr22-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab489"},{"key":"bibr23-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr24-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1981"},{"key":"bibr25-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6404a1","volume":"64","author":"Workowski KA","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"bibr26-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.6587"},{"key":"bibr27-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.5824"},{"key":"bibr28-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001385"},{"key":"bibr29-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61127-7"},{"key":"bibr30-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14731"},{"key":"bibr31-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2009.70.762"},{"key":"bibr32-20499361221132132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05251-9"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20499361221132132","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20499361221132132","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20499361221132132","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:59:02Z","timestamp":1777593542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20499361221132132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20499361221132132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20499361221132132","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-9361","2049-937X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-9361","type":"print"},{"value":"2049-937X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"article-number":"20499361221132132"}}