{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:33:12Z","timestamp":1777879992600,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fungal Infection Trust","award":["Small grant 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Small grant 2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001949","name":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ACGH Award for Research Support 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACGH Award for Research Support 2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Histoplasmosis is an AIDS-defining opportunistic infection. Disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) can be fatal without early diagnosis and treatment initiation. We present one confirmed and three probable cases of DH in advanced HIV\/AIDS disease patients diagnosed using OIDx Histoplasma LFA in Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon. Four women with HIV but unknown CD4 count presented with asthenia, weight loss, productive cough, and fever (39\u00b0C) as common symptoms for at least 3\u2009weeks. Two of the patients had skin lesions. These included facial papules, macules, and umbilicated vesicles scattered over the trunk and limbs. These were diffuse lesions which were purulent, itching, and papillomatous lesions with a necrotic centre, and one patient had a right forearm ulcer. We performed the Histoplasma antigen tests using the OIDx Histo LFA, and they were strongly positive in all four patients. Histopathology in skin biopsy allowed identification of the species as Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum in one patient. In this same patient, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis were cultured from the forearm ulcer. This patient later commenced antibiotics (Levofloxacin 500\u2009mg) and oral itraconazole (800\u2009mg\/day) with immediate improvement. Unfortunately, the other three patients could not access itraconazole, were discharged and lost to follow-up. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for the management of DH. LFA is a test that can be set up in any setting with limited resource. Access to this can be a major advance in the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in resource-limited settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361221132133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T02:31:04Z","timestamp":1666060264000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diagnosing disseminated histoplasmosis in advanced HIV\/AIDS disease in Cameroon using a point of care lateral flow assay"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2745-0450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius Paulin Ngouanom","family":"Kuate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hermine","family":"Abessolo Abessolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Infectious diseases, Central Hospital Yaound\u00e9, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, University of Garoua, Garoua, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Denning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"},{"name":"The Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections, Gen\u00e8ve, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil R.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland Ndip","family":"Ndip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1311.070665"},{"key":"bibr2-20499361221132133","first-page":"71","volume":"134","author":"Muotoe-Okafor FA","year":"1996","journal-title":"duboisii"},{"key":"bibr3-20499361221132133","volume":"8","author":"Kuate MPN","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"key":"bibr4-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-021-00377-5"},{"key":"bibr5-20499361221132133","first-page":"615","volume":"71","author":"Mandengue CE","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Trop (Mars)"},{"key":"bibr6-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/215207"},{"key":"bibr7-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4020044"},{"key":"bibr8-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2111.150278"},{"key":"bibr9-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2021.106226"},{"key":"bibr10-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13023"},{"key":"bibr11-20499361221132133","unstructured":"Optimum Imaging Diagnostics (OIDx). Rapid testing, 2022, https:\/\/optimumidx.com\/services\/rapid-testing (accessed 18 March 2022)."},{"key":"bibr12-20499361221132133","volume":"9","author":"Ocansey BK","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Inf Dis"},{"key":"bibr13-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008"},{"key":"bibr14-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2012.01.004"},{"key":"bibr15-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.04.010"},{"key":"bibr16-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.110722"},{"key":"bibr17-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5030080"},{"key":"bibr18-20499361221132133","volume":"8","author":"Osaigbovo II","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"key":"bibr19-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa119"},{"key":"bibr20-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0468"},{"key":"bibr21-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00151-4"},{"key":"bibr22-20499361221132133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80311-8"},{"key":"bibr23-20499361221132133","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization. World Health Organization guidelines for diagnosing managing disseminated histoplasmosis among people living with HIV, 2020, https:\/\/gaffi.org\/paho-issues-guidelines-on-disseminated-histoplasmosis-in-HIV-AIDS\/ (accessed 9 July 2022)."}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20499361221132133","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20499361221132133","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20499361221132133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:59:02Z","timestamp":1777593542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20499361221132133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20499361221132133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20499361221132133","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-9361","2049-937X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-9361","type":"print"},{"value":"2049-937X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"article-number":"20499361221132133"}}