{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T19:39:57Z","timestamp":1779219597899,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends multidrug therapy (MDT) for the treatment of paucibacillary and multibacillary forms of leprosy, also known as Hansen\u2019s disease (HD). MDT combinations of dapsone, rifampin, and clofazimine have reduced the prevalence of the disease but are not without adverse effects impacting regimen adherence. Hence, an urgent need exists to consider alternative MDT regimens with an improved safety profile that promotes treatment adherence. Herein, we described a case series of 10 patients with HD (nine patients with multibacillary leprosy and one with pure neural leprosy) treated with monthly rifampin, moxifloxacin, and minocycline (RMM). The United States National Hansen\u2019s Disease Program (NHDP) diagnosed and treated patients across US institutions. All patients received a regimen of 12\u201324 months of RMM. We reviewed the clinical outcomes, adherence, rate of completion, and adverse events of patients treated with monthly RMM from January 2019 to August 2022. Nine patients had multibacillary leprosy, with some having type-2 reactions. One patient had pure neural leprosy with a reversal reaction. In this case series, we identified that all patients completed the RMM regimen without treatment interruptions. None of the patients experienced any skin hyperpigmentation or any significant side effects. All patients tolerated the monthly RMM regimen with rapid improvement of skin lesions and without logistic hurdles. Based on previous clinical evidence and the results of this case series, the NHDP and other programs should consider the RMM regimen as first-line therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361221135885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T02:05:54Z","timestamp":1667959554000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Novel approaches in the treatment of Hansen\u2019s disease (Leprosy): a case series of multidrug therapy of monthly rifampin, moxifloxacin, and minocycline (RMM) in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Franco-Paredes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0269-1365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Garcia-Creighton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7363-8652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Henao-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane L.","family":"Kallgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kallgren Dermatology, Boulder, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Banjade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Penn State M.S. Hershey Medical Centre, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon A.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Araya","family":"Zaesim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Peluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Heun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucio R.","family":"Minces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease, Carris Health (CentraCare), Willmar, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Wirshup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Volunteers in Medicine, West Chester, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Sierra Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Department and Pulmonary"},{"name":"Department, Texas A&M Victoria Campus, and Family Medicine Residency Program, Victoria, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenn","family":"Katsolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Vincent\u2019s Infectious Disease Specialists, Jacksonville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Brust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Giron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunshine Specialty Health Care and Florida State University, College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Smiarowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunshine Specialty Health Care and Florida State University, College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pauline A.","family":"Hoosepian-Mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Stryjewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Hansen\u2019s Disease Program (NHDP), 9181 Interline Avenue, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00079-13"},{"key":"bibr2-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003658"},{"key":"bibr3-20499361221135885","first-page":"421","volume":"36","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wkly Epidem Rec"},{"key":"bibr4-20499361221135885","unstructured":"National Hansen\u2019s Disease Program. HRSA, https:\/\/www.hrsa.gov\/hansens-disease\/index.html (accessed 8 August 2022)."},{"key":"bibr5-20499361221135885","unstructured":"Lockwood DJN. Treatment of leprosy. The International Textbook of Leprosy, https:\/\/internationaltextbookofleprosy.org\/ (accessed 7 Augsut 2022)."},{"key":"bibr6-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.93.2.96"},{"key":"bibr7-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.78.3.216"},{"key":"bibr8-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.89.4.328"},{"key":"bibr9-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.79.4.425"},{"key":"bibr10-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1268"},{"key":"bibr11-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-94-6-777"},{"key":"bibr12-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.5360"},{"key":"bibr13-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/004947507781524700"},{"key":"bibr14-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.83.3.305"},{"key":"bibr15-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2022.42.14.34956"},{"key":"bibr16-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2016.12.009"},{"key":"bibr17-20499361221135885","volume":"65","author":"Tulip V","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"bibr18-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02873.x"},{"key":"bibr19-20499361221135885","volume":"71","author":"Ji B","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"key":"bibr20-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.159929"},{"key":"bibr21-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.70.197"},{"key":"bibr22-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.47878\/hi.2007.v32.35194","volume":"32","author":"Ura S","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hansen Int"},{"key":"bibr23-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01162-07"},{"key":"bibr24-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008583"},{"key":"bibr25-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.765"},{"key":"bibr26-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037700"},{"key":"bibr27-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2021.035"},{"key":"bibr28-20499361221135885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb06992.x"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20499361221135885","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20499361221135885","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20499361221135885","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:59:05Z","timestamp":1777593545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20499361221135885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20499361221135885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20499361221135885","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-9361","2049-937X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-9361","type":"print"},{"value":"2049-937X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"article-number":"20499361221135885"}}