{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T23:02:19Z","timestamp":1785798139992,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A growing interest in long-term sequelae of COVID-19 has prompted several systematic literature reviews (SLRs) to evaluate long-COVID-19 effects. However, many of these reviews lack in-depth information on the timing, duration, and severity of these conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our aim was to synthesize both qualitative and quantitative evidence on prevalence and outcomes of long-term effect of COVID-19 through an umbrella review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Umbrella review of relevant SLRs on long-COVID-19 in terms of prolonged symptoms and clinical conditions, and comprehensively synthesized the latest existing evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We systematically identified and appraised prior systematic reviews\/meta-analyses using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane database of systematic review from 2020 to 2021 following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidance. We summarized and categorized all relevant clinical symptoms and outcomes in adults with COVID-19 using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities System Organ Class (MedDRA SOC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 967 systematic reviews\/meta-analyses; 36 were retained for final data extraction. The most prevalent SOC were social circumstances (40%), blood and lymphatic system disorders (39%), and metabolism and nutrition disorder (38%). The most frequently reported SOC outcomes within each MedDRA category were poor quality of life (59%), wheezing and dyspnea (19\u221249%), fatigue (30\u221264%), chest pain (16%), decreased or loss of appetite (14\u201317%), abdominal discomfort or digestive disorder (12\u221218%), arthralgia with or without myalgia (16\u201324%), paresthesia (27%) and hair loss (14\u201325%), and hearing loss or tinnitus (15%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study confirmed a high prevalence of several long COVID-19 outcomes according to the MedDRA categories and indicated that the majority of evidence was rated as moderate to low.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review was registered at PROSPERO ( https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/ ) (CRD42022303557).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361231198335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T07:52:59Z","timestamp":1694591579000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Long-COVID-19 clinical and health outcomes: an umbrella review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5513-1592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA"},{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0169-3788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima","family":"Roque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic of Guarda (UDI-IPG), Guarda, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rujuta A.","family":"Bam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana B\u00e1rbara Tadeu","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic of Guarda (UDI-IPG), Guarda, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mugdha","family":"Gokhale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fidelia","family":"Ida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSL Behring LLC, King of Prussia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinnie Jiwon","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montse","family":"Soriano Gabarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20499361231198335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.04.007"},{"key":"bibr2-20499361231198335","first-page":"12","volume":"54","author":"Gao Z","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"bibr3-20499361231198335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005427"},{"key":"bibr4-20499361231198335","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Health emergency dashboard, https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/ (2021, accessed May 2022)."},{"key":"bibr5-20499361231198335","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Prevalence of ongoing symptoms following coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in the UK, https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/healthandsocialcare\/conditionsanddiseases\/bulletins\/prevalenceofongoingsymptomsfollowingcoronaviruscovid19infectionintheuk\/1april2021 (2021, accessed January 2023)."},{"key":"bibr6-20499361231198335","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National Center for Health Statistics. Nearly one in five American adults who have had COVID-19 still have \u201cLong COVID.\u201d, https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/pressroom\/nchs_press_releases\/2022\/20220622.htm#print (2022, accessed August 2022)."},{"key":"bibr7-20499361231198335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101019"},{"key":"bibr8-20499361231198335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01283-z"},{"key":"bibr9-20499361231198335","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. 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