{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:34:10Z","timestamp":1777880050134,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["R01HD074944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD074944"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) present with diagnostic challenges as they often have atypical clinical features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the baseline characteristic features of children diagnosed with central nervous system (CNS) TB (TBM and tuberculoma).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective descriptive study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children less than 12\u2009years presenting with neurological signs and symptoms were assessed for a therapeutic TBM trial eligibility. The results of their clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid evaluations were analysed for TBM diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 600 children evaluated, 61(10%) had CNS tuberculosis; TBM 47, tuberculoma 14. 20(33%) had definite TBM. Mean age of children with TBM was 5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4\u2009years. Of 47, 13(28%), 21(45%) and 13(28%) had grade I, II, and III disease respectively. Abnormalities suggestive of TBM in MRI and computed tomography brain were observed in 76% (26\/34) and 77% (24\/31) respectively. Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count, protein and glucose were observed in 56% (24\/43), 49% (22\/45), 47% (21\/45) respectively. Among 41 patients with TBM followed up until discharge, five died.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Younger children with TBM have severe forms. Confirmatory results may not be available in all. A holistic approach to care including addressing complications of hydrocephalus and strokes is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361241274251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T22:53:25Z","timestamp":1726268005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical and diagnostic features of central nervous system tuberculosis in Indian children \u2013 a descriptive study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6293-4990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bella Devaleenal","family":"Daniel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, No 1, Mayor Satyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai 600031, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elilarasi","family":"Selladurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Health, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarath","family":"Balaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Health, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arunagirinathan","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Health, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mythily","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prathiksha","family":"Giridharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sivakumar","family":"Shanmugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saravanan","family":"Natrajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Karunaianantham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devika","family":"Kandasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajakumar","family":"Subramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kannan","family":"Muthuramalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Snegha K.","family":"Pramila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Hissar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly E.","family":"Dooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0050-0323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiran T.","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15535.1"},{"key":"bibr2-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2000.0692"},{"key":"bibr3-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13054"},{"key":"bibr4-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_786_17"},{"key":"bibr5-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S365753"},{"key":"bibr6-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1745.85725"},{"key":"bibr7-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-013-2048-1"},{"key":"bibr8-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1353"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr9-20499361241274251","first-page":"392","volume":"8","author":"Marais BJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Tuberculosis Lung Dis"},{"key":"bibr10-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-015-0186-7"},{"key":"bibr11-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-3147.181475"},{"key":"bibr12-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1923-2"},{"key":"bibr13-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133477"},{"key":"bibr14-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68507-3"},{"key":"bibr15-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-008-0785-3"},{"key":"bibr16-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073819884169"},{"key":"bibr17-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2021.100255"},{"key":"bibr18-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jpn.JPN_92_19"},{"key":"bibr19-20499361241274251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.09.003"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20499361241274251","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20499361241274251","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20499361241274251","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:36Z","timestamp":1777593636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20499361241274251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20499361241274251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20499361241274251","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-9361","2049-937X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-9361","type":"print"},{"value":"2049-937X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"article-number":"20499361241274251"}}