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Participants completed an interview covering sociodemographic, drug use, and related risk behaviors. Participants were asked if they had abscesses in the last 3\u2009months. Those reporting \u201c\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">yes<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u201d quantified the number of abscesses. Responses were classified as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">None<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 1, or 2 or\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">more<\/jats:italic>\n                      . We used bivariate analysis and multi-nominal regression to examine factors associated with the frequency of abscesses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among participants (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009472), 62% reported no abscesses, 16% reported 1 abscess, and 22% reported 2+ abscesses in the last 3\u2009months. Compared to participants with no abscess, 1 abscess was associated with receiving buprenorphine treatment (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)\u2009=\u20093.27; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.58, 6.78), being injected by another person (AOR\u2009=\u20093.06; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.72, 5.45), injecting 3+ times a day (as compared to less than daily, AOR\u2009=\u20092.92; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.28, 6.65), licking syringe prior to injection (AOR\u2009=\u20091.96; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.03, 3.74), and being Latino (AOR\u2009=\u20090.25; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.12, 0.54). Having 2+ abscess was associated with daily heroin use (AOR\u2009=\u20092.35; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.26, 4.39), being injected by another person (AOR\u2009=\u20091.92; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.16, 3.18), daily methamphetamines use (0.50; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.30, 0.83) and those reporting 10+ rushed injection (as compared to none, AOR\u2009=\u20091.85, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.04, 3.29) in the last 3\u2009months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings underscore a multi-level approach to reducing abscesses in this population. Increased education around safe injection practices, institutional interventions\u2014that is, addressing healthcare stigmatization and expanding clinical harm reduction\u2014as well as structural interventions (safe supply, overdose prevention programs, housing) should be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361251344765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T13:05:22Z","timestamp":1750856722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk factors for multiple skin abscesses among community-recruited people who inject drugs in Los Angeles, CA, and Denver, CO: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4330-180X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siddhi S.","family":"Ganesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, 1845 N Soto St Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilbert A. 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