{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T08:47:50Z","timestamp":1782982070548,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007061","name":"Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007061","name":"Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["57-2022, 72-2022,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57-2022, 72-2022,"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Adequate micronutrient absorption remains key for tuberculosis control.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the frequency of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms,\n FokI<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n TaqI<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n BsmI<\/jats:italic>\n , and their relationship with total vitamin D and cathelicidin levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and healthy controls (HC) in the province of Colon, Panama.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design:<\/jats:title>\n \n Pilot cross-sectional study, PTB (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200980) and HC (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200950).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n We measured total vitamin D (25-OH-vitamin D, 25(OH)D) and cathelicidin (LL-37) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and analyzed vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP. We compared the total 25(OH)D and cathelicidin levels across participant demographics and explored the associations with vitamin D receptor polymorphisms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n We observed no significant difference in vitamin D levels between PTB and HC (median (IQR)\u2009=\u200936.6 (27.6\u201348.7) ng\/mL and 32.5 (18\u201346.3) ng\/mL, respectively,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.067). In terms of sex, vitamin D levels in women were higher in the PTB group compared to HC (median (IQR)\u2009=\u200933.9 (26.8\u201348.1) versus 19.5 (11.8\u201333.4) ng\/mL,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002). Regarding LL-37, PTB unemployed participants showed higher levels compared to HC (median (IQR)\u2009=\u200959.4 (42.4\u201379.3) versus 28.2 (13.9\u201342.8) ng\/mL,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.048), as well as Hispanic PTBs (59.6 (48.2\u201371.41) versus 38.9 (19.5\u201349.2) ng\/mL,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.014). As for the treatment phase, vitamin D levels in PTB within 1\u2009month of treatment were higher than HC (median (IQR)\u2009=\u200939.9 (28.5\u201350.51) versus 32.5 (18\u201346.3) ng\/mL,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.06). When stratifying by sex, these differences were observed only in women (median (IQR)\u2009=\u200941.4 (27.9\u201355.5) versus 19.5 (11.8\u201333.4) ng\/mL for PTB and HC, respectively;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01). A statistically significant association was observed between the\n BsmI<\/jats:italic>\n VDR polymorphism and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, with a significant difference between PTB and HC (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.004).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The observed associations between VDR polymorphisms, vitamin D levels, and cathelicidin levels highlight the need for further studies to clarify the role of host genetic and sociodemographic factors in pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility and immune response.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361261458154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T11:47:23Z","timestamp":1782820043000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D receptor\n BsmI<\/i>\n haplotype\n BB<\/i>\n confers lower 25(OH)D levels during tuberculosis: a pilot cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4925-5544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilcia","family":"Sambrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Biomarker Research Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y Servicios de Alta Tecnolog\u00eda (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panam\u00e1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2193-3913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Mart\u00edn-Pel\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP-Spain), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kharla","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Latina de Panam\u00e1, Panam\u00e1, Panam\u00e1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4312-3064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Biomarker Research Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y Servicios de Alta Tecnolog\u00eda (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panam\u00e1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4849-9704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferm\u00edn","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Biomarker Research Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y Servicios de Alta Tecnolog\u00eda (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panam\u00e1"},{"name":"Sistema Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n (SNI-AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panam\u00e1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7075-3001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna Elizabeth","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Biomarker Research Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y Servicios de Alta Tecnolog\u00eda (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Panam\u00e1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1627-7335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabel Argelis","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Biomarker Research Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y Servicios de Alta Tecnolog\u00eda (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad del Saber, 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