{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T18:45:48Z","timestamp":1782585948244,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"national institute for health and care research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CS\/2008\/08\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS\/2008\/08\/001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prim Dent J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect up to 1 in 15 people, significantly impairing daily function and quality of life. Despite clinical guidance recommending a biopsychosocial approach, treatment remains largely biomedical, often relying on occlusal splints or invasive procedures with limited evidence. This study describes a patient-centred, supported, self-management intervention for TMDs co-developed with patients, and its implementation into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intervention was co-developed with patients through syntheses of systematic reviews, qualitative research, and adaptation from a chronic widespread pain intervention. It incorporates a biopsychosocial framework including pain science education, jaw posture control, behavioural activation, cognitive restructuring, and habit reversal. The intervention guide is designed for remote delivery by a trained facilitator. It was evaluated in a proof-of-concept trial and service evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The evaluation study (N=104) demonstrates the intervention\u2019s feasibility and efficacy for TMD, reducing pain, interference, and healthcare use. Patients favoured the personalised, remote, guided delivery. Key mechanisms included breaking physical\/psychosocial vicious cycles using goal-setting, thus enabling patients to regain control and reverse unhelpful patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intervention aligns with biopsychosocial models of care, empowering patients with self-management skills to manage their TMDs. Its flexible, remote format enhances accessibility and environmental sustainability. By addressing key gaps in current pathways, this work also underscores the importance of patient co-design in producing acceptable, scalable, and effective health interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/20501684261441670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T09:01:46Z","timestamp":1782378106000},"page":"92-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u201cNothing about us without us\u201d: Co-production of and \u2018How To\u2019 implement a biopsychosocial supported self-management intervention for TMD"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Vishal R.","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vishal R. Aggarwal PhD Clinical Associate Professor in Acute Dental Care and Chronic Pain, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"Agata Witkowska Facial Pain PPIE group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"Karina Lovell PhD Professor of Mental Health, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Witkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vishal R. Aggarwal PhD Clinical Associate Professor in Acute Dental Care and Chronic Pain, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"Agata Witkowska Facial Pain PPIE group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"Karina Lovell PhD Professor of Mental Health, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Lovell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vishal R. Aggarwal PhD Clinical Associate Professor in Acute Dental Care and Chronic Pain, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"Agata Witkowska Facial Pain PPIE group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"Karina Lovell PhD Professor of Mental Health, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12141"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Lovell K Richards D Keeley P et al. Self-Management of Chronic Oro-facial Pain including TMD. [Internet]. Leeds: University of Leeds; 2019. 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Temporomandibular Disorders: Priorities for Research and Care. [Internet]. Washington DC USA: NASEM\/The National Academies Press; 2020. Available at nationalacademies.org\/projects\/HMD-HSP-18-21 [Accessed Feb 2026]. doi: 10.17226\/25652","DOI":"10.17226\/25652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-020-1250-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2005.69.11.tb04023.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2013.221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516648088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2380084416679648"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345221128226"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aggarwal VR Fu Y Main CJ et al. The effectiveness of self-management interventions in adults with chronic orofacial pain: A systematic review meta-analysis and meta-regression. Eur J Pain. 23(5):849-865.","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1358"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2014-000026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"Live Well with Pain (LWWP). Ten Footsteps to Living Well with Pain. [Internet]. Ripon: LWWP; 2026. Available at livewellwithpain.co.uk\/ten-footsteps-programme [Accessed Feb 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.1665"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2016.332"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-019-0010-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schiffman E Ohrbach R Truelove E et al. 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Washington DC USA: IASP; 2022. 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