{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T17:46:29Z","timestamp":1782582389344,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prim Dent J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a uniquely complex, bi-articular joint that enables both rotational and translational mandibular movement. Joint sounds, such as clicking and crepitation, are among the most common clinical findings associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and frequently cause patient concern. Understanding the underlying anatomy of the TMJ, its fibrocartilaginous surfaces, articular disc morphology, and complex muscular attachments is essential to diagnosing the origin of these joint sounds. This article outlines the anatomy and clinical relevance of the TMJ to help clinicians adopt a conservative, evidence-based approach to the assessment of joint sounds, recognising that most are benign and self-limiting, while ensuring accurate diagnosis of sounds suggestive of internal derangement or degenerative change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20501684261445675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T09:01:46Z","timestamp":1782378106000},"page":"62-67","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The anatomy and clinical relevance of temporomandibular joint sounds"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ziad","family":"Al-Ani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ziad Al-Ani BDS, MSc, PhD, MFDS RCS(Ed), FDS RCPS(Glasg), FHEA, PGCert Ac Pract, Senior RET Fellow Senior Lecturer, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"Greg D. Wilkie BDS, BSc(Hons), MFDS RCPS(Glas) Dentist with special interest in orthodontics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg D.","family":"Wilkie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ziad Al-Ani BDS, MSc, PhD, MFDS RCS(Ed), FDS RCPS(Glasg), FHEA, PGCert Ac Pract, Senior RET Fellow Senior Lecturer, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"Greg D. Wilkie BDS, BSc(Hons), MFDS RCPS(Glas) Dentist with special interest in orthodontics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.134.5.995"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Ani Z Gray R. Temporomandibular Disorders: A Problem-Based Approach. 2nd ed. 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